一般的非齐次混合问题
现在考虑一般的非齐次混合问题
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\begin{cases} L_tu+L_xu=f(t,x), \quad t>0,a<x<b \\ (\alpha_1u-\beta_1\frac{\partial u}{\partial x})|_{x=a}=g_1(t),\quad (a_2u+\beta_2\frac{\partial u}{\partial x})|_{x=b}=g_2(t) \\ u|_{t=0}=\varphi(x), \quad \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}|_{t=0}=\psi(x) \end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Ltu+Lxu=f(t,x),t>0,a<x<b(α1u−β1∂x∂u)∣x=a=g1(t),(a2u+β2∂x∂u)∣x=b=g2(t)u∣t=0=φ(x),∂t∂u∣t=0=ψ(x)
边界条件出现非齐次项
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g_1(t),g_2(t)
g1(t),g2(t),不能再用分离变量法(Fourier展开法)或冲量原理法求解,但是可以通过寻找满足非齐次边界条件的特解把边界条件齐次化。
设
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v(t,x)满足非齐次边界条件
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(a_1v-\beta_1\frac{\partial v}{\partial x})|_{x=a}=g_1(t),\quad (a_2v+\beta_2\frac{\partial v}{\partial x})|_{x=b}=g_2(t)
(a1v−β1∂x∂v)∣x=a=g1(t),(a2v+β2∂x∂v)∣x=b=g2(t)
这里的
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v(t,x)显然不唯一,最简单地,可取为x的线性函数
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v(t,x)=A(t)x+B(t)
v(t,x)=A(t)x+B(t)
其中,
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A(t),B(t)待定,将此
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v(t,x)代入边界条件,整理得
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A(t),B(t)的线性方程组
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\begin{cases} (\alpha_1a-\beta_1)A(t)+\alpha_1B(t)=g_1(t) \\ (\alpha_2b+\beta_2)A(t)+\alpha_2B(t)=g_2(t) \end{cases}
{(α1a−β1)A(t)+α1B(t)=g1(t)(α2b+β2)A(t)+α2B(t)=g2(t)
解出
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A(t),B(t)便可得满足非齐次边界的
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v(t,x)。若上述线性方程组无解,则可设
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v(t,x)为x的二次函数。
找到这样的
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v(t,x),令
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u(t,x)=v(t,x)+w(t,x)
u(t,x)=v(t,x)+w(t,x),由叠加原理知,
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w(t,x)满足非齐次方程齐次边界条件的定解问题
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\begin{cases} L_tw+L_xw=f(t,x)-L_tv-L_xv, \quad t>0,a<x<b \\ (\alpha_1w-\beta_1\frac{\partial w}{\partial x})|_{x=a}=0,\quad (a_2w+\beta_2\frac{\partial w}{\partial x})|_{x=b}=0 \\ w|_{t=0}=\varphi(x)-v|_{t=0}, \quad \frac{\partial w}{\partial t}|_{t=0}=\psi(x)-\frac{\partial v}{\partial t}|_{t=0} \end{cases}
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧Ltw+Lxw=f(t,x)−Ltv−Lxv,t>0,a<x<b(α1w−β1∂x∂w)∣x=a=0,(a2w+β2∂x∂w)∣x=b=0w∣t=0=φ(x)−v∣t=0,∂t∂w∣t=0=ψ(x)−∂t∂v∣t=0
这在齐次边界条件下非齐次发展方程的混合问题已解决。