常用linux操作

命令行

• 查看文件夹下文件的个数

ls -l folder|grep "^-"| wc -l

vim中使用Ctrl+s卡死的处理方法：ctrl+q

• 添加apt源

1.添加位置（/etc/apt/sources.list）：

阿里源：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源：

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

中科大源：

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

2.pip源添加：

cd ~/.pip （如果不存在.pip目录，先创建目录：mkdir ~/.pip）

touch pip.conf

sudo gedit ~/.pip/pip.conf

在pip.conf中写入如下内容：即可

[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

另外还可以选择豆瓣源：https://pypi.doubanio.com/simple

• 查看进程资源使用情况 

top -p pid（pid为进程号 ）

• 挂载路径打不开 

 问题：打开文件夹/meida_mount，获取文件夹下信息报错：ls: cannot access 'data': Input/output error

解决方案：

1. 使用fdisk -l查看磁盘挂载情况，获取到磁盘挂载的位置（/dev/sdc）；
2. 查看文件夹挂载情况（df -h,文件夹挂载在/dev/sdb下）；
3. 修改挂载位置：mount /dev/sdc /media_mount(将磁盘重新挂载到文件夹/media_mount)。

• ubuntu系统强制重启报错 

使用fsck进行文件系统修复，进入系统时 进入恢复模式，选择fsck,

系统将询问您是否希望重新安装/ filesystem。 选择“yes” 。确定后再选择resume恢复正常启动即可进入系统。 

查询显卡型号

lspci |grep -i vga

 在以下网页中查询“2204”对应的型号

PCI deviceshttps://admin.pci-ids.ucw.cz/mods/PC/10de?action=help?help=pci

安装pip:

apt-get install python3-pip
hash -r  ##清除缓存后pip3 -V查看

卸载：

apt remove python3-pip
apt autoremove

查找文件：

find /path/to/file -name filename