OpenCV Mat

Mat

1、Mat用C++管理，更为方便，IplImage（用C语言）。
2、由矩阵头（包括矩阵大小，存储方法，指针地址）和数据指针（图像内容的指针）组成。
3、Mat赋值只赋矩阵头信息，图像内容是共享的。
例如：

Mat A, C;                                 // creates just the header parts
A = imread(argv[1], CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); // here we'll know the method used (allocate matrix)

Mat B(A);                                 // Use the copy constructor

C = A;                                    // Assignment operator

4、Mat也可以只要某图像的一部分，用于感兴趣区域的分割（ROI），
例如：

Mat D (A, Rect(10, 10, 100, 100) ); // using a rectangle
Mat E = A(Range::all(), Range(1,3)); // using row and column boundaries

5、如果要赋值整幅图像用clone()和copyTo()，
例如：

Mat F = A.clone();
Mat G;
A.copyTo(G);

Storing methods（矩阵头中的存储方法）

包括：颜色空间和数据类型。
颜色空间：RGB，HSV和HLS，YCrCb，L*a*b。

实例

1、读取和显示

Load, Modify, and Save an Image

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
using namespace cv;
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
 char* imageName = argv[1];
 Mat image;
 image = imread( imageName, 1 );
 if( argc != 2 || !image.data )
 {
   printf( " No image data \n " );
   return -1;
 }
 Mat gray_image;
 cvtColor( image, gray_image, CV_BGR2GRAY );
 imwrite( "../../images/Gray_Image.jpg", gray_image );
 namedWindow( imageName, CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
 namedWindow( "Gray image", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
 imshow( imageName, image );
 imshow( "Gray image", gray_image );
 waitKey(0);
 return 0;
}

2、Mat初始化

• 构造
  Mat M(2,2, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0,0,255));//scalar是四维的
cout << "M = " << endl << " " << M << endl << endl;
  
  CV_8UC3的格式
  CV_[The number of bits per item][Signed or Unsigned][Type Prefix]C[The channel number]

• 创建多维矩阵
  int sz[3] = {2,3,4}; //三维矩阵每一维度的个数
Mat L(3,sz, CV_8UC(1), Scalar::all(0));\\3 代表三维矩阵

• 从IplImage创建Mat
  IplImage* img = cvLoadImage("greatwave.png", 1);
Mat mtx(img); // convert IplImage* -> Mat

• 用函数zeros(), ones(), eye()
  Mat A;
A = Mat::zeros(3, 3, CV_32F);
A = Mat::ones(100, 100, CV_8U)*3; // make 100x100 matrix filled with 3.
A = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_32F)*0.1;// make a 4x4 diagonal matrix with 0.1's on the diagonal.

• 用函数create()
  M.create(4,4, CV_8UC(2));
cout << "M = "<< endl << " " << M << endl << endl;
  

• 小矩阵
  Mat C = (Mat_<double>(3,3) << 0, -1, 0, -1, 5, -1, 0, -1, 0);
cout << "C = " << endl << " " << C << endl << endl;
  

• 复制某一行
  Mat RowClone = C.row(1).clone();
cout << "RowClone = " << endl << " " << RowClone << endl << endl;

• 随机函数randu()
  Mat R = Mat(3, 2, CV_8UC3);
randu(R, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(255));

3、格式化输出

• Default
  cout << "R (default) = " << endl << R << endl << endl;
  
• Python
  cout << "R (python) = " << endl << format(R,"python") << endl << endl;
  

原文出自OpenCV官网英文文档，笔记记录了Mat相关的知识点。