1,Thus, although ‘top-down’ sources of bias are sometimes defined as those that are not due to physical salience, this conception conflates distinct – and sometimes contradictory – sources of selection bias.
因此,尽管“自上而下”的偏差来源有时被定义为那些并非物理突出的部分,这个概念混合了不同的(有时是矛盾的)选择偏差来源。