再次认识pip与pip3 in Python

• pip

  pip is a package manager for Python packages, or modules if you like .

  From PyPA, pip is already installed if you are using Python 2>2.7.9 or Python 3>3.4 downloaded from python.org or if you are working in a Vitual Environment created by virtualenv or pyvenv.

  What is a Package and Module?

  A package contains all the files you need for a module.

  Modules are Python code libraries you can include in your project.

• pip3

  From [Do we need pip] and [pip3]?,

  There is no program called pip3.

  pip3 is just a synonym of pip, 就像某个软件（比如typora）针对win10和win8的区别。

  pip is a Python package that can be executed as

  pythonN.M -m pip 
  

  这种方式是最好的pip执行方案，不用解决pip版本，版本在pythonN.M中指明了。

• soft link

  ls -l `which pip`
  ls -l `which pip3`
  

• 作用机理

  When you issue a command like pip install package:

  1. it checks an online repository and downloads the package(which may contain multiple modules)
  2. then puts the modules in a designated place
  3. updates a local index to record where they can be found

• 必知必会

  all commands could be find Reference Guide.

  • pip install -r requirements.txt

    “Requirements files” are files containing a list of items to be installed using pip install .

    Logically, a Requirements file is just a list of pip install argument placed in a file.

    Requirement files are used to hold the result from pip freeze for the purpose of archieving repeatable installations.

    pip freeze > requirements.txt

  • pip install package.whl

    pip prefers wheels where they are available.

    to build wheels for your requirements through pip wheel, you need wheel library.

  • pip uninstall package

  • pip list

    pip list --outdated

  • pip show package

  • pip search "package"

    search PyPI for packages

• 总结

  pythonN.M -m pip 是最佳时间方案。

• References

1. pip or pip3 to install packages for Python 3?