本文译自Sample pipeline for text feature extraction and evaluation,部分地方加自己理解下的注释,非专业人士,部分名词可能翻译有误,恳谢指正。
本例中采用的数据集是20 newsgroups数据集,他可以自动下载并告诉存储,可重复用于文档分类案例。
通过给数据集加载器指定name,可以调整类别数目。
也可以采用默认值20.
这是一个跑在四核机器上的样例输出。
Loading 20 newsgroups dataset for categories:
['alt.atheism', 'talk.religion.misc']
1427 documents
2 categories
Performing grid search...
pipeline: ['vect', 'tfidf', 'clf']
parameters:
{'clf__alpha': (1.0000000000000001e-05, 9.9999999999999995e-07),
'clf__max_iter': (10, 50, 80),
'clf__penalty': ('l2', 'elasticnet'),
'tfidf__use_idf': (True, False),
'vect__max_n': (1, 2),
'vect__max_df': (0.5, 0.75, 1.0),
'vect__max_features': (None, 5000, 10000, 50000)}
done in 1737.030s
Best score: 0.940
Best parameters set:
clf__alpha: 9.9999999999999995e-07
clf__max_iter: 50
clf__penalty: 'elasticnet'
tfidf__use_idf: True
vect__max_n: 2
vect__max_df: 0.75
vect__max_features: 50000
# Author: Olivier Grisel <olivier.grisel@ensta.org>
# Peter Prettenhofer <peter.prettenhofer@gmail.com>
# Mathieu Blondel <mathieu@mblondel.org>
# License: BSD 3 clause
from pprint import pprint
from time import time
import logging
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfTransformer
from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
print(__doc__)
# 设置logging配置
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s')
# #############################################################################
# 从训练集载入部分类别
categories = [
'alt.atheism',
'talk.religion.misc',
]
# Uncomment the following to do the analysis on all the categories
#categories = None
print("Loading 20 newsgroups dataset for categories:")
print(categories)
data = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train', categories=categories)
print("%d documents" % len(data.filenames))
print("%d categories" % len(data.target_names))
print()
# #############################################################################
# 定义一个结合文本特征提取器和简单分类器的pipeline
pipeline = Pipeline([
('vect', CountVectorizer()),
('tfidf', TfidfTransformer()),
('clf', SGDClassifier(tol=1e-3)),
])
# uncommenting more parameters will give better exploring power but will
# increase processing time in a combinatorial way
parameters = {
'vect__max_df': (0.5, 0.75, 1.0),
# 'vect__max_features': (None, 5000, 10000, 50000),
'vect__ngram_range': ((1, 1), (1, 2)), # unigrams or bigrams
# 'tfidf__use_idf': (True, False),
# 'tfidf__norm': ('l1', 'l2'),
'clf__max_iter': (20,),
'clf__alpha': (0.00001, 0.000001),
'clf__penalty': ('l2', 'elasticnet'),
# 'clf__max_iter': (10, 50, 80),
}
if __name__ == "__main__":
# multiprocessing requires the fork to happen in a __main__ protected
# block
# 同时为特征提取和分类器确定最佳参数
grid_search = GridSearchCV(pipeline, parameters, cv=5,
n_jobs=-1, verbose=1)
print("Performing grid search...")
print("pipeline:", [name for name, _ in pipeline.steps])
print("parameters:")
pprint(parameters)
t0 = time()
grid_search.fit(data.data, data.target)
print("done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0))
print()
print("Best score: %0.3f" % grid_search.best_score_)
print("Best parameters set:")
best_parameters = grid_search.best_estimator_.get_params()
for param_name in sorted(parameters.keys()):
print("\t%s: %r" % (param_name, best_parameters[param_name]))