[译]文本特征提取与评估的样品Pipeline

本文译自Sample pipeline for text feature extraction and evaluation，部分地方加自己理解下的注释，非专业人士，部分名词可能翻译有误，恳谢指正。

本例中采用的数据集是20 newsgroups数据集，他可以自动下载并告诉存储，可重复用于文档分类案例。

通过给数据集加载器指定name，可以调整类别数目。

也可以采用默认值20.

这是一个跑在四核机器上的样例输出。

Loading 20 newsgroups dataset for categories:
['alt.atheism', 'talk.religion.misc']
1427 documents
2 categories

Performing grid search...
pipeline: ['vect', 'tfidf', 'clf']
parameters:
{'clf__alpha': (1.0000000000000001e-05, 9.9999999999999995e-07),
 'clf__max_iter': (10, 50, 80),
 'clf__penalty': ('l2', 'elasticnet'),
 'tfidf__use_idf': (True, False),
 'vect__max_n': (1, 2),
 'vect__max_df': (0.5, 0.75, 1.0),
 'vect__max_features': (None, 5000, 10000, 50000)}
done in 1737.030s

Best score: 0.940
Best parameters set:
    clf__alpha: 9.9999999999999995e-07
    clf__max_iter: 50
    clf__penalty: 'elasticnet'
    tfidf__use_idf: True
    vect__max_n: 2
    vect__max_df: 0.75
    vect__max_features: 50000

• 代码

# Author: Olivier Grisel <olivier.grisel@ensta.org>
#         Peter Prettenhofer <peter.prettenhofer@gmail.com>
#         Mathieu Blondel <mathieu@mblondel.org>
# License: BSD 3 clause
from pprint import pprint
from time import time
import logging

from sklearn.datasets import fetch_20newsgroups
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfTransformer
from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline

print(__doc__)

# 设置logging配置
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                    format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s')


# #############################################################################
# 从训练集载入部分类别
categories = [
    'alt.atheism',
    'talk.religion.misc',
]
# Uncomment the following to do the analysis on all the categories
#categories = None

print("Loading 20 newsgroups dataset for categories:")
print(categories)

data = fetch_20newsgroups(subset='train', categories=categories)
print("%d documents" % len(data.filenames))
print("%d categories" % len(data.target_names))
print()

# #############################################################################
# 定义一个结合文本特征提取器和简单分类器的pipeline
pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('vect', CountVectorizer()),
    ('tfidf', TfidfTransformer()),
    ('clf', SGDClassifier(tol=1e-3)),
])

# uncommenting more parameters will give better exploring power but will
# increase processing time in a combinatorial way
parameters = {
    'vect__max_df': (0.5, 0.75, 1.0),
    # 'vect__max_features': (None, 5000, 10000, 50000),
    'vect__ngram_range': ((1, 1), (1, 2)),  # unigrams or bigrams
    # 'tfidf__use_idf': (True, False),
    # 'tfidf__norm': ('l1', 'l2'),
    'clf__max_iter': (20,),
    'clf__alpha': (0.00001, 0.000001),
    'clf__penalty': ('l2', 'elasticnet'),
    # 'clf__max_iter': (10, 50, 80),
}

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # multiprocessing requires the fork to happen in a __main__ protected
    # block

    # 同时为特征提取和分类器确定最佳参数

    grid_search = GridSearchCV(pipeline, parameters, cv=5,
                               n_jobs=-1, verbose=1)

    print("Performing grid search...")
    print("pipeline:", [name for name, _ in pipeline.steps])
    print("parameters:")
    pprint(parameters)
    t0 = time()
    grid_search.fit(data.data, data.target)
    print("done in %0.3fs" % (time() - t0))
    print()

    print("Best score: %0.3f" % grid_search.best_score_)
    print("Best parameters set:")
    best_parameters = grid_search.best_estimator_.get_params()
    for param_name in sorted(parameters.keys()):
        print("\t%s: %r" % (param_name, best_parameters[param_name]))

• Reference

1. [译]sklearn.pipeline.Pipeline
2. Jypyter中%matplotlib inline什么作用
3. [译]logging.basicConfig()
4. [译]sklearn.model_selection.GridSearchCV