8.Pytorch实现5层全连接结构的MNIST（手写数字识别）

注意几个点：

• 这里使用的是MNIST数据集，使用的是5层的全连接结构（算上输入层）
• softmax的输入不需要再做非线性变换，模型会将其输出——计算对应的占比

1 prepare dataset

import torch
from torchvision import transforms
from torchvision import datasets
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
import torch.nn.functional as F
import torch.optim as optim
 
batch_size = 64
# 这里是对输入的图片进行预处理操作—》
# 图像变换操作：transforms.ToTensor()，将PIL Image或者 ndarray 转换为tensor，并且归一化（直接除于255）至[0-1]
# 图像变换操作：transforms.Normalize，对数据按通道进行标准化，即先减均值，再除以标准差，注意是 hwc
transform = transforms.Compose([transforms.ToTensor(), transforms.Normalize((0.1307,), (0.3081,))])
 
train_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./资料/data/mnist/', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, shuffle=True, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataset = datasets.MNIST(root='./资料/data/mnist/', train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, shuffle=False, batch_size=batch_size)

D:\common_software\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\torchvision\datasets\mnist.py:498: UserWarning: The given NumPy array is not writeable, and PyTorch does not support non-writeable tensors. This means you can write to the underlying (supposedly non-writeable) NumPy array using the tensor. You may want to copy the array to protect its data or make it writeable before converting it to a tensor. This type of warning will be suppressed for the rest of this program. (Triggered internally at  ..\torch\csrc\utils\tensor_numpy.cpp:180.)
  return torch.from_numpy(parsed.astype(m[2], copy=False)).view(*s)

2 design model using class

class Net(torch.nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Net, self).__init__()
        self.l1 = torch.nn.Linear(784, 512)
        self.l2 = torch.nn.Linear(512, 256)
        self.l3 = torch.nn.Linear(256, 128)
        self.l4 = torch.nn.Linear(128, 64)
        self.l5 = torch.nn.Linear(64, 10)
 
    def forward(self, x):
        x = x.view(-1, 784)  # -1其实就是自动获取mini_batch
        x = F.relu(self.l1(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l2(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l3(x))
        x = F.relu(self.l4(x))
        return self.l5(x)  # 最后一层不做激活，不进行非线性变换
 
 
model = Net()

3 construct loss and optimizer

# construct loss and optimizer
criterion = torch.nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01, momentum=0.5)

4 training cycle forward, backward, update

# training cycle forward, backward, update
def train(epoch):
    running_loss = 0.0
    for batch_idx, data in enumerate(train_loader, 0):
        # 获得一个批次的数据和标签
        inputs, target = data
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        
        # 获得模型预测结果(64, 10)
        outputs = model(inputs)
        
        # 交叉熵代价函数outputs(64,10),target（64）
        loss = criterion(outputs, target)
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
 
        running_loss += loss.item()
        if batch_idx % 300 == 299:
            print('[%d, %5d] loss: %.3f' % (epoch+1, batch_idx+1, running_loss/300))
            running_loss = 0.0
 
 
def test():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for data in test_loader:
            images, labels = data
            outputs = model(images)
            _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, dim=1) # dim = 1 列是第0个维度，行是第1个维度
            total += labels.size(0)
            correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item() # 张量之间的比较运算
    print('accuracy on test set: %d %% ' % (100*correct/total))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for epoch in range(10):
        train(epoch)
        test()

[1,   300] loss: 0.342
[1,   600] loss: 0.300
[1,   900] loss: 0.252
accuracy on test set: 93 % 
[2,   300] loss: 0.212
[2,   600] loss: 0.187
[2,   900] loss: 0.165
accuracy on test set: 95 % 
[3,   300] loss: 0.139
[3,   600] loss: 0.134
[3,   900] loss: 0.128
accuracy on test set: 95 % 
[4,   300] loss: 0.106
[4,   600] loss: 0.099
[4,   900] loss: 0.098
accuracy on test set: 96 % 
[5,   300] loss: 0.078
[5,   600] loss: 0.083
[5,   900] loss: 0.082
accuracy on test set: 96 % 
[6,   300] loss: 0.062
[6,   600] loss: 0.072
[6,   900] loss: 0.063
accuracy on test set: 97 % 
[7,   300] loss: 0.050
[7,   600] loss: 0.056
[7,   900] loss: 0.053
accuracy on test set: 97 % 
[8,   300] loss: 0.041
[8,   600] loss: 0.045
[8,   900] loss: 0.043
accuracy on test set: 97 % 
[9,   300] loss: 0.033
[9,   600] loss: 0.035
[9,   900] loss: 0.038
accuracy on test set: 97 % 
[10,   300] loss: 0.024
[10,   600] loss: 0.030
[10,   900] loss: 0.030
accuracy on test set: 97 %