OpenCvSharp函数：MorphologyEx形态操作_opencvsharp morphologyex-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/TyroneKing/article/details/129493437

MorphologyEx形态操作

函数说明：高级形态操作，包含膨胀、腐蚀、开运算、闭运算、梯度、顶帽、黑帽和击中击不中操作。支持就地操作，可处理多通道图像，各通道分开处理。

//函数原型
void MorphologyEx(InputArray src,
    OutputArray dst,
    MorphTypes op,
    InputArray? element,
    Point? anchor = null,
    int iterations = 1,
    BorderTypes borderType = BorderTypes.Constant,
    Scalar? borderValue = null)

参数	说明
InputArray src	输入图像，通道数可以任意，类型必须为CV_8U,CV_16U, CV_16S, CV_32F或CV_64F。HitMiss时只能CV_8UC1。
OutputArray dst	输出图像，与输入图像有相同的大小、类型和通道数。(支持就地模式)
MorphTypes op	形态操作类型
InputArray? element	结构元素，可通过GetStructuringElement生成
Point? anchor	锚点，结构元素的锚点。默认为(-1,-1)，表示结构元素的中心点
int iterations	形态操作次数，默认为1次
BorderTypes borderType	边缘填充方式，不支持Wrap。
Scalar? borderValue	当边界填充方式为Constant时的填充值，默认是Scalar.All(double.MaxValue)

MorphTypes形态操作类型

值	说明
Erode	腐蚀
Dilate	膨胀
Open	开运算：先腐蚀，再膨胀。效果：删除小干扰块 dst=open(src,element)=dilate(erode(src,element))
Close	闭运算：先膨胀，再腐蚀。效果：填充封闭区域 dst=close(src,element)=erode(dilate(src,element))
Gradient	梯度操作：膨胀的结果减腐蚀的结果 dst=morph_grad(src,element)=dilate(src,element)−erode(src,element)
TopHat	顶帽操作：原图减开运算 dst=tophat(src,element)=src−open(src,element)
BlackHat	黑帽操作：闭运算减原图 dst=blackhat(src,element)=close(src,element)−src
HitMiss	击中与击不中操作：只支持CV-8UC1的二值图

图像示例

HitMiss击中与击不中

分析：图A为待测试的原图，使用图B当HitMiss的结构元素时得到图C，使用图D当HitMiss的结构元素时得到图E(注意，图C和图E右下角，有个边缘填充数字123）。图F、图G为击中时的两个示例。

网上关于HitMiss介绍的资料不多，自己分析，认为HitMiss的算法大概是，使用结构元素大小的核扫描原图，若结构元素中为1的位置在原图中也为1（结构元素为0的位置，不校验;结构元素为-1的位置，匹配原图的0)，则在锚点位置标为1，表示击中；若不能完全匹配，则在锚点位置标为0，表示不击中。边缘的填充与填充方式和结构元素有关。

源码示例

private string winName = "MorphologyEx Demo";
int morph_elem = 0;//结构元素形状
int morph_size = 3;//结构元素大小,实际大小为2*morph_size+1
int morph_operator = 0;//形态操作类型
const int max_operator = 7;
const int max_elem = 2;
const int max_kernel_size = 21;

Mat src;
public void Run() {

    TestHitMiss();

    src = Cv2.ImRead(ImagePath.Morphology, ImreadModes.Color);
    if (src.Empty()) throw new Exception($"图像打开有误：{ImagePath.Morphology}");
    Cv2.ImShow("src", src);

    Cv2.NamedWindow(winName, WindowFlags.GuiExpanded);

    //滚动条拉动太多次时，会导致 morph_operator 值无法与pos一致？原因待分析。
    //形态操作类型
    Cv2.CreateTrackbar("Operator", winName, ref morph_operator, max_operator, Morphology_Operations);

    //结构元素形状
    Cv2.CreateTrackbar("Shapes", winName, ref morph_elem, max_elem, Morphology_Operations);

    //结构元素大小
    Cv2.CreateTrackbar("Size:2n +1", winName, ref morph_size, max_kernel_size, Morphology_Operations);

    Cv2.WaitKey();
    Cv2.DestroyAllWindows();
    src.Dispose();
}

/// <summary>
/// 测试HitMiss
/// </summary>
private void TestHitMiss() {
    using (var src = new Mat(11, 15, MatType.CV_8UC1, new byte[] { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
                                                                   0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0})) {
        //控制台中输出矩阵，可参考https://blog.csdn.net/TyroneKing/article/details/129484746
        Helper.Dump(src);

        var element = new Mat(3, 3, MatType.CV_8UC1, new Byte[] {0,0,0,
                                                                 0,0,1,
                                                                 0,1,1});

        Helper.Dump(element);
        using var dst = new Mat();
        Cv2.MorphologyEx(src, dst, MorphTypes.HitMiss, element, borderValue: new Scalar(123));
        Helper.Dump(dst);


        element = new Mat(3, 3, MatType.CV_8UC1, new Byte[] {0,0,1,
                                                             0,0,1,
                                                             1,1,1});
        Helper.Dump(element);
        Cv2.MorphologyEx(src, dst, MorphTypes.HitMiss, element, borderValue: new Scalar(123));
        Helper.Dump(dst);

        //全0结构元素测试，结果与原图一样
        element = new Mat(3, 3, MatType.CV_8UC1, new Byte[] {0,0,0,
                                                             0,0,0,
                                                             0,0,0});
        Helper.Dump(element);
        Cv2.MorphologyEx(src, dst, MorphTypes.HitMiss, element, borderValue: new Scalar(123));
        Helper.Dump(dst);
    }
}


/// <summary>
/// 形态操作，
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pos"></param>
/// <param name="userdata"></param>
private void Morphology_Operations(int pos, IntPtr userdata) {

    //结构元素的大小
    var mSize = 2 * morph_size + 1;
    //获取结构元素
    Mat element = Cv2.GetStructuringElement((MorphShapes)morph_elem, new Size(mSize, mSize), new Point(morph_size, morph_size));
    var dst = new Mat();
    if (morph_operator == 7) {
        //HitMiss只支持CV_8UC1
        Cv2.CvtColor(src, dst, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
        Cv2.MorphologyEx(dst, dst, (MorphTypes)morph_operator, element);
        dst = dst.CvtColor(ColorConversionCodes.GRAY2BGR);
    }
    else {
        //形态操作
        Cv2.MorphologyEx(src, dst, (MorphTypes)morph_operator, element);
    }

    var texts = new string[] { $"MorphTypes={(MorphTypes)morph_operator}", $"MorphShapes={(MorphShapes)morph_elem}", $"ElementSize={mSize}" };
    var colors = new Scalar[] { Scalar.Red, Scalar.Green, Scalar.Blue };
    DrawLabels(dst, texts, colors);
    Cv2.ImShow(winName, dst);
}

public void DrawLabels(Mat dst,string[] texts, Scalar[] colors) {
    int vPos = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < texts.Length; i++) {
        Size textsize = Cv2.GetTextSize(texts[i], HersheyFonts.HersheyComplex, 1, 1, out int baseLine);
        vPos += (int)(textsize.Height * 1.4);
        Point org = new Point((src.Cols - textsize.Width), vPos);
        Cv2.PutText(dst, texts[i], org, HersheyFonts.HersheyComplex, 1, colors[i], 1, LineTypes.Link8);
    }
}

OpenCvSharp函数示例(目录)

参考

https://docs.opencv.org/

https://edu.csdn.net/learn/38286/608283