Tensorflow实例：（卷积神经网络）LeNet-5模型

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-20 19:46:37 发布

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分类专栏： tensorflow 文章标签： Tensorflow LeNet-5 mnist 卷积神经网络池化

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通过卷积层、池化层等结构的任意组合得到的神经网络有无限多种，怎样的神经网络更有可能解决真实的图像处理问题？本文通过LeNet-5模型，将给出卷积神经网络结构设计的一个通用模式。

LeNet-5模型

LeNet-5模型是Yann LeCun教授于1998年在论文Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition中提出的，它是第一个成功应用于数字识别问题的卷积神经网络。LeNet-5模型一共有7层，下图展示了LeNet-5模型的架构：
这里写图片描述

第一层，卷积层

这一层的输入就是原始的图像像素32321。第一个卷积层过滤器尺寸为55，深度为6，不使用全0填充，步长为1。所以这一层的输出：28286，卷积层共有5516+6=156个参数

第二层，池化层

这一层的输入为第一层的输出，是一个28286的节点矩阵。本层采用的过滤器大小为22，长和宽的步长均为2，所以本层的输出矩阵大小为1414*6。

第三层，卷积层

本层的输入矩阵大小为14146，使用的过滤器大小为55，深度为16.本层不使用全0填充，步长为1。本层的输出矩阵大小为101016。本层有55616+16=2416个参数。

第四层，池化层

本层的输入矩阵大小101016。本层采用的过滤器大小为22，长和宽的步长均为2，所以本层的输出矩阵大小为55*16。

第五层，全连接层

本层的输入矩阵大小为5516，在LeNet-5论文中将这一层成为卷积层，但是因为过滤器的大小就是55，所以和全连接层没有区别。如果将5516矩阵中的节点拉成一个向量，那么这一层和全连接层就一样了。本层的输出节点个数为120，总共有5516120+120=48120个参数。

第六层，全连接层

本层的输入节点个数为120个，输出节点个数为84个，总共参数为120*84+84=10164个。

第七层，全连接层

本层的输入节点个数为84个，输出节点个数为10个，总共参数为84*10+10=850

Tensorflow实现LeNet-5

下面给出一个Tensorflow的程序来实现一个类似LeNet-5模型的卷积神经网络来解决MNIST数字识别问题。

LeNet_inference.py

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import tensorflow as tf

# 配置神经网络的参数
INPUT_NODE = 784
OUTPUT_NODE = 10

IMAGE_SIZE = 28
NUM_CHANNELS = 1
NUM_LABELS = 10

# 第一个卷积层的尺寸和深度
CONV1_DEEP = 32
CONV1_SIZE = 5
# 第二个卷积层的尺寸和深度
CONV2_DEEP = 64
CONV2_SIZE = 5
# 全连接层的节点个数
FC_SIZE = 512

# 定义卷积神经网络的前向传播过程。这里添加了一个新的参数train，用于区别训练过程和测试过程。在这个程序中将用到dropout方法
# dropout可以进一步提升模型可靠性并防止过拟合（dropout过程只在训练时使用）
def inference(input_tensor, train, regularizer):
    with tf.variable_scope('layer1-conv1'):
        conv1_weights = tf.get_variable('weight', [CONV1_SIZE, CONV1_SIZE, NUM_CHANNELS, CONV1_DEEP],
                                        initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1))
        conv1_biases = tf.get_variable('bias', [CONV1_DEEP],
                                       initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        conv1 = tf.nn.conv2d(input_tensor, conv1_weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
        relu1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv1, conv1_biases))

    with tf.name_scope('layer2-pool1'):
        pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(relu1, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')

    with tf.variable_scope('layer3-conv2'):
        conv2_weights = tf.get_variable('weight', [CONV2_SIZE, CONV2_SIZE, CONV1_DEEP, CONV2_DEEP],
                                        initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1))
        conv2_biases = tf.get_variable('bias', [CONV2_DEEP],
                                       initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        conv2 = tf.nn.conv2d(pool1,conv2_weights, strides=[1, 1, 1, 1], padding='SAME')
        relu2 = tf.nn.relu(tf.nn.bias_add(conv2, conv2_biases))

    with tf.name_scope('layer4-pool2'):
        pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(relu2, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='SAME')

    pool2_shape = pool2.get_shape().as_list()
    nodes = pool2_shape[1] * pool2_shape[2] * pool2_shape[3]

    reshaped = tf.reshape(pool2, [pool2_shape[0], nodes])

    with tf.variable_scope('layer5-fc1'):
        fc1_weights = tf.get_variable('weight', [nodes, FC_SIZE],
                                      initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1))
        if regularizer != None:
            tf.add_to_collection('losses', regularizer(fc1_weights))
        fc1_biases = tf.get_variable('bias', [FC_SIZE],
                                     initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        fc1 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshaped, fc1_weights) + fc1_biases)
        if train:
            fc1 = tf.nn.dropout(fc1, 0.5)

    with tf.variable_scope('layer6-fc2'):
        fc2_weights = tf.get_variable('weight', [FC_SIZE, NUM_LABELS],
                                      initializer=tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=0.1))
        if regularizer != None:
            tf.add_to_collection('losses', regularizer(fc2_weights))
        fc2_biases = tf.get_variable('bias', [NUM_LABELS],
                                     initializer=tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
        logit = tf.matmul(fc1, fc2_weights) + fc2_biases

    return logit

LeNet_train.py

# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import os

import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data

# 加载mnist_inference.py中定义的常量和前向传播的函数
import LeNet_inference

# 配置神经网络的参数
BATCH_SIZE = 100
LEARNING_RATE_BASE = 0.1
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY = 0.99
REGULARAZTION_RATE = 0.0001
TRAIN_STEPS = 30000
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY = 0.99

MODEL_SAVE_PATH = "./model/"
MODEL_NAME = "model3.ckpt"

def train(mnist):
    x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [BATCH_SIZE, LeNet_inference.IMAGE_SIZE,
                                    LeNet_inference.IMAGE_SIZE,
                                    LeNet_inference.NUM_CHANNELS], name='x-input')
    y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, LeNet_inference.OUTPUT_NODE], name='y-input')

    regularizer = tf.contrib.layers.l2_regularizer(REGULARAZTION_RATE)

    y = LeNet_inference.inference(x, train, regularizer)

    global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False)

    variable_average = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY, global_step)
    variable_average_op = variable_average.apply(
        tf.trainable_variables())
    cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=tf.argmax(y_, 1), logits=y)
    cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy)

    loss = cross_entropy_mean + tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'))

    learning_rate = tf.train.exponential_decay(LEARNING_RATE_BASE,
                                               global_step=global_step, decay_steps=mnist.train.num_examples / BATCH_SIZE,
                                               decay_rate=LEARNING_RATE_DECAY)
    train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate).minimize(loss, global_step=global_step)

    with tf.control_dependencies([train_step, variable_average_op]):
        train_op = tf.no_op(name='train')

    saver = tf.train.Saver()
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        tf.global_variables_initializer().run()

        for i in range(TRAIN_STEPS):
            xs, ys = mnist.train.next_batch(BATCH_SIZE)
            xs = np.reshape(xs, [BATCH_SIZE, LeNet_inference.IMAGE_SIZE,
                                    LeNet_inference.IMAGE_SIZE,
                                    LeNet_inference.NUM_CHANNELS])
            _, loss_value, step = sess.run([train_op, loss, global_step], feed_dict={x: xs, y_: ys})
            if i % 1000 == 0:
                print("After %d training steps, loss on training"
                      "batch is %g" % (step, loss_value))
                saver.save(sess, os.path.join(MODEL_SAVE_PATH, MODEL_NAME), global_step=global_step)

def main(argv=None):
    mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("E:\科研\TensorFlow教程\MNIST_data", one_hot=True)
    train(mnist)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    tf.app.run()