高数习题7.4

1.求由上半球面$z=\sqrt{3a^2-x^2-y^2}$及旋转抛物面$x^2+y^2=2az$所围立体的表面积(a>0).
解：
画图：

解方程：
$$\begin{array}{rl}\sqrt{3a^2-x^2-y^2}& =\frac{x^2+y^2}{2a}\\ 3a^2-x^2-y^2& =\frac{(x^2+y^2{)}^2}{4a^2}\\ 12a^4-4a^2(x^2+y^2)& =(x^2+y^2{)}^2\\ [(x^2+y^2)+6a^2][(x^2+y^2-2a^2)]& =0\\ x^2+y^2& =2a^2\end{array}$$
上半部分：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_1& ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2a^2}\sqrt{1+z_x^2+z_y^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2a^2}\sqrt{1+(\frac{-x}{\sqrt{3a^2-x^2-y^2}}{)}^2+(\frac{-y}{\sqrt{3a^2-x^2-y^2}}{)}^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2a^2}\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{\sqrt{3a^2-x^2-y^2}}d\sigma \\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\sqrt{2}a}rdr\frac{\sqrt{3}a}{\sqrt{3a^2-r^2}}\\ & =2\sqrt{3}\pi a{\int }_0^{\sqrt{2}a}rdr\frac{1}{\sqrt{3a^2-r^2}}\\ & =-2\sqrt{3}\pi a{\sqrt{3a^2-r^2}|}_0^{\sqrt{2}a}\\ & =-2\sqrt{3}\pi a^2+6\pi a^2\end{array}$$
下半部分：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{S}_2& ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2a^2}\sqrt{1+z_x^2+z_y^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2a^2}\sqrt{1+(\frac{x}{a}{)}^2+(\frac{y}{a}{)}^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2a^2}\frac{\sqrt{a^2+x^2+y^2}}{a}d\sigma \\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\sqrt{2}a}rdr\frac{\sqrt{a^2+r^2}}{a}\\ & =\frac{2\pi }{a}{\int }_0^{\sqrt{2}a}rdr\sqrt{a^2+r^2}\\ & =\frac{2\pi }{3a}{(a^2+r^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}|}_0^{\sqrt{2}a}\\ & =2\sqrt{3}\pi a^2-\frac{2}{3}\pi a^2\end{array}$$
总：
$$\begin{array}{rl}S& =S_1+S_2\\ & =\frac{16}{3}\pi a^2\end{array}$$
2. 求锥面$z=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$被柱面$z^2=2x$所割部分的曲面面积
解：
画图：

积分：
$$\begin{array}{rl}S& ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2x}\sqrt{1+z_x^2+z_y^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2x}\sqrt{1+(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}{)}^2+(\frac{y}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2}}{)}^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_{x^2+y^2\le 2x}\sqrt{2}d\sigma \\ & =\sqrt{2}\pi \end{array}$$
3. 求由三个圆柱面$x^2+y^2=R^2$，$x^2+z^2=R^2$，$y^2+z^2=R^2$所围立体的表面积.
解：
画图：

取第一卦限的观察：

观察发现由相同的六个部分组成：
这六个部分的交点为$(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})$
设 D = { ( x , y ) ∣ 0 ≤ y ≤ x ≤ 2 R 2 } D=\{\left.(x,y)\right| 0 \leq y \leq x \leq \frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}\} D={(x,y)∣0≤y≤x≤22 ​R​}，柱面$x^2+z^2=R^2$投影到D上的第一卦限的面积为：
$\begin{array}{rl}S& ={\iint }_D\sqrt{1+z_x^2+z_y^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_D\sqrt{1+(\frac{-x}{\sqrt{R^2-x^2}}{)}^2}d\sigma \\ & ={\iint }_D\frac{R}{\sqrt{R^2-x^2}}dxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^{\frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}}dx{\int }_0^x\frac{R}{\sqrt{R^2-x^2}}dy\\ & ={\int }_0^{\frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}}dx\frac{Rx}{\sqrt{R^2-x^2}}\\ & =-R{\sqrt{R^2-x^2}|}_0^{\frac{\sqrt{2}R}{2}}\\ & =(1-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})R^2\end{array}$
所以：
$S_{总}=8\ast 6\ast S=(48-24\sqrt{2})R^2$
4. 求由三个柱面$x^2+y^2=R^2$，$y^2+z^2=R^2$，$z^2+x^2=R^2$所围立体的体积.
解：
画图：

取第一卦限的观察：

观察发现，可以分成两个相同的部分：
这六个部分的交点为$(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2},\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})$
设 D = { ( x , y ) ∣ x 2 + y 2 ≤ R 2 , 0 ≤ y ≤ x } D=\{\left.(x,y)\right| x^2+y^2\leq R^2, 0 \leq y \leq x\} D={(x,y)∣x2+y2≤R2,0≤y≤x}，投影到D上的第一卦限的立体的体积为：
$\begin{array}{rl}V& ={\iint }_{D}dxdy{\int }_0^{\sqrt{R^2-x^2}}dz\\ & ={\iint }_D\sqrt{R^2-x^2}dxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}d\theta {\int }_0^R\sqrt{R^2-r^{2}co{s}^2\theta }rdr\\ & =\frac{R^3}{3}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}d\theta \frac{1-si{n}^3\theta }{co{s}^2\theta }\\ & =\frac{R^3}{3}{(tan\theta -co{s}^{-1}\theta -cos\theta )|}_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}\\ & =(1-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2})R^3\end{array}$
所以：
$V_{总}=8\ast 2\ast V=(16-8\sqrt{2})R^3$
5. 求由曲面$x^2=a^2-az$，$x^2+y^2=(\frac{a}{2}{)}^2$，$z=0(a>0)$所围立体的体积.（提示：用柱坐标）
解：
画图：

$\begin{array}{rl}V& ={\iint }_{D}dxdy{\int }_0^{\frac{a^2-x^2}{a}}dz\\ & ={\iint }_D\frac{a^2-x^2}{a}dxdy\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{a}{2}}\frac{a^2-(rcos\theta {)}^2}{a}rdr\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (\frac{a{r}^2}{2}-\frac{r^{4}co{s}^2\theta }{4a}){|}_0^{\frac{a}{2}}\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }(\frac{a^3}{8}-\frac{a^{3}co{s}^2\theta }{64})d\theta \\ & =(\frac{a^3\theta }{8}-\frac{a^3}{64}(\frac{-sin2\theta +2\theta }{4})){|}_0^{2\pi }\\ & =\frac{15a^3\pi }{64}\end{array}$
6. 设球体$x^2+y^2+z^2\le 2Rz(R>0)$上任一点处的体密度等于该点到坐标原点之距离的平方，求该球体的质心坐标.
解：
画图：

$m={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV$
$x_0=\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }x(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}$
$y_0=\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }y(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}$
$z_0=\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }z(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}$
因为该球关于yOz面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }x(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV=0$，$x_0=0$
同理因为该球关于xOz面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }y(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV=0$，$y_0=0$
$\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV& ={\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}{\int }_0^{2Rcos\varphi }{r}^{4}sin\varphi drd\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{2\pi }{5}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(r^{5}sin\varphi ){|}_0^{2Rcos\varphi }d\varphi \\ & =\frac{64R^5\pi }{5}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}co{s}^5\varphi sin\varphi d\varphi \\ & =\frac{64R^5\pi }{5}(-\frac{1}{6}co{s}^6\varphi ){|}_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}\\ & =\frac{32R^5\pi }{15}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }z(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV& ={\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}{\int }_0^{2Rcos\varphi }{r}^{5}cos\varphi sin\varphi drd\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{\pi }{3}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}(r^{6}sin\varphi cos\varphi ){|}_0^{2Rcos\varphi }d\varphi \\ & =\frac{64R^6\pi }{3}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}co{s}^7\varphi sin\varphi d\varphi \\ & =\frac{64R^6\pi }{3}(-\frac{1}{8}co{s}^8\varphi ){|}_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}\\ & =\frac{8R^6\pi }{3}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{rl}{z}_0& =\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }z(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+z^2)dV}\\ & =\frac{\frac{8R^6\pi }{3}}{\frac{32R^5\pi }{15}}\\ & =\frac{5R}{4}\end{array}$
所以质心的坐标为：$(0,0,\frac{5R}{4})$
7. 求位于第一卦限中的部分椭球体$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\le 1(a>0,b>0,c>0)$的质心坐标， 这里假定椭球体是均匀的.
解：
$x_0=\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }xdV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }dV}$
$y_0=\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }ydV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }dV}$
$z_0=\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }zdV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }dV}$
设： D = { ( x , y ) , x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 ≤ 1 − z 2 c 2 } D=\{(x,y),\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2} \leq 1 - \frac{z^2}{c^2}\} D={(x,y),a2x2​+b2y2​≤1−c2z2​}
$\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }dV& =\frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^{c}dz{\iint }_{D}dxdy\\ & =\frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^c\pi \sqrt{a^2(1-\frac{z^2}{c^2})}\sqrt{b^2(1-\frac{z^2}{c^2})}dz\\ & =\frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^c\pi ab(1-\frac{z^2}{c^2})dz\\ & =\frac{ab\pi }{4}(z-\frac{z^3}{3c^2}){|}_0^c\\ & =\frac{abc\pi }{6}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }zdV& =\frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^{c}zdz{\iint }_{D}dxdy\\ & =\frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^{c}z\pi \sqrt{a^2(1-\frac{z^2}{c^2})}\sqrt{b^2(1-\frac{z^2}{c^2})}dz\\ & =\frac{1}{4}{\int }_0^c\pi ab(1-\frac{z^2}{c^2})zdz\\ & =\frac{ab\pi }{4}(\frac{z^2}{2}-\frac{z^4}{4c^2}){|}_0^c\\ & =\frac{ab{c}^2\pi }{16}\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{rl}{z}_0& =\frac{{\iiint }_{\Omega }zdV}{{\iiint }_{\Omega }dV}\\ & =\frac{\frac{ab{c}^2\pi }{16}}{\frac{abc\pi }{6}}\\ & =\frac{3c}{8}\end{array}$
同理，$x_0=\frac{3a}{8}$，$y_0=\frac{3b}{8}$，所以，质心为$(\frac{3a}{8},\frac{3b}{8},\frac{3c}{8})$
8. 求均匀球体对通过其球心的轴的转动惯量.
解：设该均匀球体为$x^2+y^2+z^2\le R^2$，密度为$\rho$，轴为z轴
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_z& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }{\int }_0^R{r}^{4}si{n}^3\rho \varphi drd\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{2\pi \rho R^5}{5}{\int }_0^{\pi }{R}^{5}si{n}^3\varphi d\varphi \\ & =\frac{2\pi \rho R^5}{5}(cos\varphi -\frac{co{s}^3\varphi }{3}){|}_0^{\pi }\\ & =\frac{8\pi \rho R^5}{15}\end{array}$
所以转动惯量为$\frac{8\pi \rho R^5}{15}$
9. 求质量为M的均匀椭圆柱体：$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}\le 1(0\le z\le h)$对各坐标轴的转动惯量.
解：
做一个广义柱面坐标系
$\{\begin{array}{l}x=arcos\theta \\ y=brsin\theta \\ z=z\end{array}$
对x轴的转动惯量：
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_x& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(y^2+z^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}dr{\int }_0^h(b^2{r}^{2}si{n}^2\theta +z^2)abr\rho dz\\ & =ab\rho {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}dr(b^2{r}^{3}si{n}^2\theta h+\frac{r{h}^3}{3})\\ & =ab\rho {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (\frac{b^{2}si{n}^2\theta h}{4}+\frac{h^3}{6})\\ & =ab\rho (\frac{b^{2}h\pi }{4}+\frac{h^3\pi }{3})\\ & =abh\pi \rho (\frac{b^2}{4}+\frac{h^2}{3})\\ & =M(\frac{b^2}{4}+\frac{h^2}{3})\end{array}$
对y轴的转动惯量：
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_y& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+z^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}dr{\int }_0^h(a^2{r}^{2}co{s}^2\theta +z^2)abr\rho dz\\ & =ab\rho {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}dr(a^2{r}^{3}co{s}^2\theta h+\frac{r{h}^3}{3})\\ & =ab\rho {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (\frac{a^{2}co{s}^2\theta h}{4}+\frac{h^3}{6})\\ & =ab\rho (\frac{a^{2}h\pi }{4}+\frac{h^3\pi }{3})\\ & =abh\pi \rho (\frac{a^2}{4}+\frac{h^2}{3})\\ & =M(\frac{a^2}{4}+\frac{h^2}{3})\end{array}$
对z轴的转动惯量：
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_z& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}dr{\int }_0^h(a^2{r}^{2}co{s}^2\theta +b^2{r}^{2}si{n}^2\theta )abr\rho dz\\ & =abh\rho {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}dr(a^2{r}^{3}co{s}^2\theta +b^2{r}^{3}si{n}^2\theta )\\ & =\frac{abh\rho }{4}{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (a^{2}co{s}^2\theta +b^{2}si{n}^2\theta )\\ & =\frac{abh\rho }{4}(a^2\pi +b^2\pi )\\ & =\frac{M(a^2+b^2)}{4}\end{array}$
10. 求质量为M的均匀椭球体$\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\le 1(a>0,b>0,c>0)$对各坐标轴的转动惯量.
解：
做一个广义球坐标系
$\{\begin{array}{l}x=arsin\varphi cos\theta \\ y=brsin\varphi sin\theta \\ z=crcos\varphi \end{array}$
对x轴的转动惯量：
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_x& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(y^2+z^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }{\int }_0^1(b^2{r}^{2}si{n}^2\varphi si{n}^2\theta +c^2{r}^{2}co{s}^2\varphi )r^{2}sin\varphi abc\rho drd\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{abc\rho }{5}{\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }(b^{2}si{n}^2\varphi si{n}^2\theta +c^{2}co{s}^2\varphi )sin\varphi d\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{2abc\rho }{15}{\int }_0^{2\pi }(2b^{2}si{n}^2\theta +c^2)d\theta \\ & =\frac{4abc\rho \pi }{15}(b^2+c^2)\\ & =\frac{M}{5}(b^2+c^2)\end{array}$
对y轴的转动惯量：
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_y& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+z^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }{\int }_0^1(a^2{r}^{2}si{n}^2\varphi co{s}^2\theta +c^2{r}^{2}co{s}^2\varphi )r^{2}sin\varphi abc\rho drd\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{abc\rho }{5}{\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }(a^{2}si{n}^2\varphi co{s}^2\theta +c^{2}co{s}^2\varphi )sin\varphi d\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{2abc\rho }{15}{\int }_0^{2\pi }(2a^{2}co{s}^2\theta +c^2)d\theta \\ & =\frac{4abc\rho \pi }{15}(a^2+c^2)\\ & =\frac{M}{5}(a^2+c^2)\end{array}$
对z轴的转动惯量：
$\begin{array}{rl}{J}_z& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)\rho dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }{\int }_0^1(a^2{r}^{2}si{n}^2\varphi co{s}^2\theta +b^2{r}^{2}si{n}^2\varphi si{n}^2\theta )r^{2}sin\varphi abc\rho drd\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{abc\rho }{5}{\int }_0^{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\pi }(a^{2}si{n}^2\varphi co{s}^2\theta +b^{2}si{n}^2\varphi si{n}^2\theta )sin\varphi d\varphi d\theta \\ & =\frac{4abc\rho }{15}{\int }_0^{2\pi }(a^{2}co{s}^2\theta +b^{2}si{n}^2\theta )d\theta \\ & =\frac{4abc\rho \pi }{15}(a^2+b^2)\\ & =\frac{M}{5}(a^2+b^2)\end{array}$
11. 求密度为$\rho$的均匀圆柱体：$x^2+y^2\le a^2(0\le z\le b)$，对位于$(0,0,h)$处的单位质点的引力(h>b).
解：
$\begin{array}{rl}{F}_x& =k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{x}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{rl}{F}_y& =k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{y}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV\end{array}$
因为该圆柱体关于yOz面对称，所以$k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{x}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV=0$，$F_x=0$
因为该圆柱体关于xOz面对称，所以$k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{y}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV=0$，$F_y=0$
F z = k ∭ Ω ( z − h ) ( x 2 + y 2 + ( z − h ) 2 ) 3 ρ d V = k ρ ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 a d r ∫ 0 b ( z − h ) ( r 2 + ( z − h ) 2 ) 3 r d z = 2 k ρ π ∫ 0 a { ( r 2 + h 2 ) − 1 2 − [ r 2 + ( b − h ) 2 ] − 1 2 } r d r = 2 k ρ π { ( a 2 + h 2 ) 1 2 − [ a 2 + ( b − h ) 2 ] 1 2 − [ h − ( h − b ) ] } = 2 k ρ π [ a 2 + h 2 − a 2 + ( b − h ) 2 − b ] \begin{aligned} F_z &= k\iiint_{\Omega}\frac{(z-h)}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h)^2})^3}\rho dV \\ &= k\rho \int_0^{2\pi} d\theta\int_0^a dr\int_0^b\frac{(z-h)}{(\sqrt{r^2+(z-h)^2})^3} r dz \\ &= 2k\rho \pi \int_0^a\{(r^2+h^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}} - [r^2+(b-h)^2]^{-\frac{1}{2}}\}r dr \\ &= 2k\rho \pi \{(a^2+h^2)^{\frac{1}{2}} - [a^2+(b-h)^2]^{\frac{1}{2}} - [h - (h-b)]\} \\ &= 2k\rho \pi [\sqrt{a^2+h^2} - \sqrt{a^2+(b-h)^2} - b] \\ \end{aligned} Fz​​=k∭Ω​(x2+y2+(z−h)2 ​)3(z−h)​ρdV=kρ∫02π​dθ∫0a​dr∫0b​(r2+(z−h)2 ​)3(z−h)​rdz=2kρπ∫0a​{(r2+h2)−21​−[r2+(b−h)2]−21​}rdr=2kρπ{(a2+h2)21​−[a2+(b−h)2]21​−[h−(h−b)]}=2kρπ[a2+h2 ​−a2+(b−h)2 ​−b]​
12. 求高为h，顶角为$2\alpha$的均匀圆锥体对于位于其顶点的单位质点的引力.
解：
$\begin{array}{rl}{F}_x& =k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{x}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV\end{array}$
$\begin{array}{rl}{F}_y& =k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{y}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV\end{array}$
因为该圆锥体关于yOz面对称，所以$k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{x}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV=0$，$F_x=0$
因为该圆锥体关于xOz面对称，所以$k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{y}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV=0$，$F_y=0$
$\begin{array}{rl}{F}_z& =k{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{(z-h)}{(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}\rho dV\\ & =k\rho {\int }_0^{h}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_{(h-z)tan\alpha }^0\frac{(z-h)}{(\sqrt{r^2+(z-h{)}^2}{)}^3}rdr\\ & =k\rho {\int }_0^{h}dz{\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta (h-z)[(z-h{)}^2{]}^{-\frac{1}{2}}-(h-z)[(h-z{)}^2(1+ta{n}^2\alpha ){]}^{-\frac{1}{2}}\\ & =2kh\rho \pi (cos\alpha -1)\end{array}$
13. 证明等式：$I_l=I_{\tilde{l}}+M{d}^2$，其中$I_l$为物体对$l$轴的转动惯量，$I_{\tilde{l}}$为物体对通过其质心且与$l$轴平行的$\tilde{l}$轴的转动惯量，d为两轴间的距离，M是物体的质量.（提示：将$l$轴取成z轴，假定此时物体的质心坐标为$(x_0,y_0,z_0)$，则应有$x_0^2+y_0^2=d^2$.）
证明：
将$I_{\tilde{l}}$轴取成z轴，假定此时物体的质心坐标为$(0,0,0)$.
$\begin{array}{rl}{I}_l& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+(y+d{)}^2)\rho (x,y,z)dV\\ & ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2+2yd+d^2)\rho (x,y,z)dV\\ & ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^2+y^2)\rho (x,y,z)dV+{\iiint }_{\Omega }2yd\rho (x,y,z)dV+{\iiint }_{\Omega }{d}^{2}dV\\ & =I_{\tilde{l}}+2y_{0}Md+M{d}^2\\ & =I_{\tilde{l}}+M{d}^2\end{array}$