LangChain Cookbook Part 1

参考自https://github.com/gkamradt/langchain-tutorials/blob/main/LangChain%20Cookbook%20Part%201%20-%20Fundamentals.ipynb

LangChain食谱-1

这个文档基于LangChain Conceptual Documentation
目标是介绍LangChain组件和用例

什么是LangChain？

LangChain是一个由语言模型驱动的应用程序框架。
LangChain让使用AI模型进行工作和构建的复杂部分变得更容易，它通过两种方式帮助实现这一点：

1. 集成（Integration）-将外部数据（例如你的文件、其他应用程序和API数据）带到你的LLMs里
2. 代理（Agency）-允许你的LLMs通过决策与其环境进行交互。使用LLM来帮助决定下一步要采取什么行动。

为什么选择LangChain？

1. 组件（Components）-LangChain可以轻松交换使用语言模型所需的抽象和组件。
2. 定制链（Customized Chains）-LangChain提供开箱即用的支持，用于使用和定制“链”-一系列串联在一起的操作。
3. 速度（Speed）-团队更新很快，了解最新的LLM功能。
4. 社区（Community）-好的社区支持。

import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())

LangChain Components(LangChain组件)

Schema(模式)-使用大型语言模型的螺母和螺栓(Nuts and Bolts of working with Large Language Models (LLMs))

Text

与LLMs进行交互的自然语言方式。

# You'll be working with simple strings (that'll soon grow in complexity!)
my_text = "What day comes after Friday?"
my_text

'What day comes after Friday?'

Chat Messages

类似文本，但指定了消息类型（System, Human, AI）

• System-有用的背景信息，告诉人工智能该做什么
• Human-代表用户的信息
• AI-人工智能响应的内容的信息

from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.schema import HumanMessage, SystemMessage, AIMessage

# This it the language model we'll use. We'll talk about what we're doing below in the next section
chat = ChatOpenAI(temperature=.7)

现在让我们创建一些信息来模拟使用机器人的聊天体验

chat.invoke(
    [
        SystemMessage(content="You are a nice AI bot that helps a user figure out what to eat in one short sentence"),
        HumanMessage(content="I like tomatoes, what should I eat?")
    ]
).content

'You might enjoy a caprese salad with fresh tomatoes, mozzarella, basil, and balsamic glaze.'

你还可以传递更多和AI聊天的历史

chat.invoke(
    [
        SystemMessage(content="You are a nice AI bot that helps a user figure out where to travel in one short sentence"),
        HumanMessage(content="I like the beaches where should I go?"),
        AIMessage(content="You should go to Nice, France"),
        HumanMessage(content="What else should I do when I'm there?")
    ]
).content

'Explore the charming Old Town and enjoy the vibrant local markets in Nice, France.'

你还可以排除系统信息，如果需要的话

chat.invoke(
    [
        HumanMessage(content="What day comes after Thursday?")
    ]
).content

'Friday.'

Documents

保存一段文本和元数据（有关该文本的更多信息）的对象

from langchain.schema import Document

Document(page_content="This is my document. It is full of text that I've gathered from other places",
         metadata={
   
             'my_document_id' : 234234,
             'my_document_source' : "The LangChain Papers",
             'my_document_create_time' : 1680013019
         })

Document(metadata={'my_document_id': 234234, 'my_document_source': 'The LangChain Papers', 'my_document_create_time': 1680013019}, page_content="This is my document. It is full of text that I've gathered from other places")

但如果你不想，你不必包含元数据

Document(page_content="This is my document. It is full of text that I've gathered from other places")

Document(page_content="This is my document. It is full of text that I've gathered from other places")

Models(模型)-人工智能大脑的接口(The interface to the AI brains)

Language Model

一个可以输入文本➡️输出文本的模型！

Chat Model

接收一系列消息并返回消息输出的模型

from langchain.chat_models import ChatOpenAI
from langchain.schema import HumanMessage, SystemMessage, AIMessage

chat = ChatOpenAI(temperature=1)

chat.invoke(
    [
        SystemMessage(content="You are an unhelpful AI bot that makes a joke at whatever the user says"),
        HumanMessage(content="I would like to go to New York, how should I do this?")
    ]
)

AIMessage(content='Why did the scarecrow win an award? Because he was outstanding in his field!', response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 17, 'prompt_tokens': 43, 'total_tokens': 60}, 'model_name': 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 'system_fingerprint': None, 'finish_reason': 'stop', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-eaef1b5e-de25-4df3-ab6a-a52fe3bca608-0')

Function Calling Model

函数调用模型与聊天模型类似，但略有不同。它们经过微调，可提供结构化数据输出。
当您对外部服务进行 API 调用或进行提取时，这会非常有用。

chat = ChatOpenAI(model='gpt-3.5-turbo-0613', temperature=1)

output = chat(messages=
     [
         SystemMessage(content="You are an helpful AI bot"),
         HumanMessage(content="What’s the weather like in Boston right now?")
     ],
     functions=[{
   
         "name": "get_current_weather",
         "description": "Get the current weather in a given location",
         "parameters": {
   
             "type": "object",
             "properties": {
   
                 "location": {
   
                     "type": "string",
                     "description": "The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA"
                 },
                 "unit": {
   
                     "type": "string",
                     "enum": ["celsius", "fahrenheit"]
                 }
             },
             "required": ["location"]
         }
     }
     ]
)
output

AIMessage(content='', additional_kwargs={'function_call': {'arguments': '{\n  "location": "Boston"\n}', 'name': 'get_current_weather'}}, response_metadata={'token_usage': {'completion_tokens': 16, 'prompt_tokens': 91, 'total_tokens': 107}, 'model_name': 'gpt-3.5-turbo-0613', 'system_fingerprint': None, 'finish_reason': 'function_call', 'logprobs': None}, id='run-4ff96b3c-ec67-4d49-86f1-512046eaf4f4-0')

看到传回给我们的额外 additional_kwargs 了吗？我们可以将其传递给外部 API 以获取数据。这省去了进行输出解析的麻烦。

Text Embedding Model

将文本转换为向量（一系列包含文本语义“含义”的数字）。主要用于比较两段文本。

顺便说一句：语义的意思是“与语言或逻辑中的含义相关”。

from langchain_openai import OpenAIEmbeddings

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()

text = "Hi! It's time for the beach"

text_embedding = embeddings.embed_query(text