本文介绍了球谐函数(Spherical Harmonics)作为单位球面上的正交基，它是傅里叶基在该领域的推广，常用于方向性变化函数的表示，尤其在渲染问题中。球谐函数按Lmax带划分，每个带包含-m到Lmax的指数m。当Lmax=1时，基函数包括L=0和L=1的函数。球谐投影公式用于计算函数到SH基的系数，而重构函数则通过这些系数和基函数实现。在实际应用中，通常用一维索引i代替(l, m)来处理SH系数或基函数。"
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概述：
The spherical harmonic (SH) basis functions are an orthonomal basis defined over the
unit sphere; they are essentially a generalization of the Fourier basis to that domain
(Section 7.1.1). Recall that the Fourier transform makes it possible to express many
functions as weighted sums of sinusoids; the SH basis can do the same for directionally
varying functions on the sphere and are thus a useful basis for many rendering problems.
The SH basis will be used for all of the precomputed light transport algorithms in the
remainder of this chapter.
The spherical harmonic functions 
are defined over a series of Lmax bands, where
each band l has indices m=−Lmax, . . . , Lmax. Thus, if we wanted to use bands up to
Lmax = 1 to represent a function in
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