第一种情况
“Signal-in”信号相对于“clkA”和“clkB”变化很慢,可以利用两个D触发器将信号从A时钟域传送到B时钟域
module Signal_CrossDomain(
input clkA, // we actually don't need clkA in that example, but it is here for completeness as we'll need it in further examples
input SignalIn_clkA,
input clkB,
output SignalOut_clkB
);
// We use a two-stages shift-register to synchronize SignalIn_clkA to the clkB clock domain
reg [1:0] SyncA_clkB;
always @(posedge clkB) SyncA_clkB[0] <= SignalIn_clkA; // notice that we use clkB
always @(posedge clkB) SyncA_clkB[1] <= SyncA_clkB[0]; // notice that we use clkB
assign SignalOut_clkB = SyncA_clkB[1]; // new signal synchronized to (=ready to be used in) clkB domain
endmodule
注意得到的信号会有延迟
第二种情况
如果信号“FlagIn”在时钟域“clkA” 仅仅是一个周期时间,那么采用第一种方法信号可能会丢失
module Flag_CrossDomain(
input clkA,
input FlagIn_clkA,
input clkB,
output FlagOut_clkB
);
// this changes level when the FlagIn_clkA is seen in clkA
reg FlagToggle_clkA;
always @(posedge clkA) FlagToggle_clkA <= FlagToggle_clkA ^ FlagIn_clkA;
// which can then be sync-ed to clkB
reg [2:0] SyncA_clkB;
always @(posedge clkB) SyncA_clkB <= {SyncA_clkB[1:0], FlagToggle_clkA};
// and recreate the flag in clkB
assign FlagOut_clkB = (SyncA_clkB[2] ^ SyncA_clkB[1]);
endmodule
如果“clkB”需要返回“clkA”一个应答信号“Busy”
module FlagAck_CrossDomain(
input clkA,
input FlagIn_clkA,
output Busy_clkA,
input clkB,
output FlagOut_clkB
);
reg FlagToggle_clkA;
always @(posedge clkA) FlagToggle_clkA <= FlagToggle_clkA ^ (FlagIn_clkA & ~Busy_clkA);
reg [2:0] SyncA_clkB;
always @(posedge clkB) SyncA_clkB <= {SyncA_clkB[1:0], FlagToggle_clkA};
reg [1:0] SyncB_clkA;
always @(posedge clkA) SyncB_clkA <= {SyncB_clkA[0], SyncA_clkB[2]};
assign FlagOut_clkB = (SyncA_clkB[2] ^ SyncA_clkB[1]);
assign Busy_clkA = FlagToggle_clkA ^ SyncB_clkA[1];
endmodule
第三种情况
两个时钟域的信号的双向传递,例如“clkA”域中的任务需要在“clkB”中完成module TaskAck_CrossDomain(
input clkA,
input TaskStart_clkA,
output TaskBusy_clkA, TaskDone_clkA,
input clkB,
output TaskStart_clkB, TaskBusy_clkB,
input TaskDone_clkB
);
reg FlagToggle_clkA, FlagToggle_clkB, Busyhold_clkB;
reg [2:0] SyncA_clkB, SyncB_clkA;
always @(posedge clkA) FlagToggle_clkA <= FlagToggle_clkA ^ (TaskStart_clkA & ~TaskBusy_clkA);
always @(posedge clkB) SyncA_clkB <= {SyncA_clkB[1:0], FlagToggle_clkA};
assign TaskStart_clkB = (SyncA_clkB[2] ^ SyncA_clkB[1]);
assign TaskBusy_clkB = TaskStart_clkB | Busyhold_clkB;
always @(posedge clkB) Busyhold_clkB <= ~TaskDone_clkB & TaskBusy_clkB;
always @(posedge clkB) if(TaskBusy_clkB & TaskDone_clkB) FlagToggle_clkB <= FlagToggle_clkA;
always @(posedge clkA) SyncB_clkA <= {SyncB_clkA[1:0], FlagToggle_clkB};
assign TaskBusy_clkA = FlagToggle_clkA ^ SyncB_clkA[2];
assign TaskDone_clkA = SyncB_clkA[2] ^ SyncB_clkA[1];
endmodule
得到的仿真波形:
第四种情况
总线数据的跨时钟域传输
1、如果总线的数据是单调递增或者递减的,可以将这个数据编码成格雷码的形式。
2、如果数据不是单调的,可以采用第二种情况中的方法,用一条信号线产生一个短暂的flag,来告知另一时钟域来抓取总线数据,发送端时钟域保持该数据,直到数据被准确获取。
3、如果是大量并发的数据传输,建议使用FIFO。