ARM64 Linux 找出dts的3种方法

1. 编译完内核如何找出 dts

在编译完 ARM64 内核后，设备树二进制文件（DTB）通常会被放置在 arch/arm64/boot 目录下。在该目录下，你可以找到与目标硬件平台对应的 DTB 文件。命令如下：

$ find arch/arm64/boot/dts/ -name *.dtb.cmd
arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.cmd

里面不仅能展示原始dts文件是哪个，dtb编译过程，还能展示它的依赖文件有哪些，方便把这些依赖文件加到source insight进行分析：

$ cat arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.cmd
cmd_arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb := mkdir -p arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/ ; ./scripts/gcc-wrapper.py ./../prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/aarch64/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -E -Wp,-MD,arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.d.pre.tmp -nostdinc -I./scripts/dtc/include-prefixes -undef -D__DTS__ -x assembler-with-cpp -o arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.dts.tmp arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dts ; ./scripts/dtc/dtc -O dtb -o arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb -b 0 -iarch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/ -i./scripts/dtc/include-prefixes -@ -Wno-unit_address_vs_reg -Wno-unit_address_format -Wno-avoid_unnecessary_addr_size -Wno-alias_paths -Wno-graph_child_address -Wno-graph_port -Wno-simple_bus_reg -Wno-unique_unit_address -Wno-pci_device_reg  -d arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.d.dtc.tmp arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.dts.tmp ; cat arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.d.pre.tmp arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.d.dtc.tmp > arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/.rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb.d

source_arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb := arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dts

deps_arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb := \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtsi \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-port.dtsi \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/pinctrl/rockchip.h \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-core.dtsi \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/pwm/pwm.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/input/rk-input.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/display/drm_mipi_dsi.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/sensor-dev.h \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568.dtsi \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/clock/rk3568-cru.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/arm-gic.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/interrupt-controller/irq.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/soc/rockchip,boot-mode.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/phy/phy.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/power/rk3568-power.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/soc/rockchip-system-status.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/suspend/rockchip-rk3568.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/thermal/thermal.h \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-dram-default-timing.dtsi \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/clock/rockchip-ddr.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/memory/rk3568-dram.h \
  scripts/dtc/include-prefixes/dt-bindings/memory/rockchip-dram.h \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-pinctrl.dtsi \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rockchip-pinconf.dtsi \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-linux.dtsi \
  arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj-cam-8ms1m.dtsi \

arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb: $(deps_arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb)

$(deps_arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-firefly-aioj.dtb):

2. Linux 运行起来之后如何找出 dts

当 Linux 系统启动后，设备树信息会被加载到 /proc/device-tree 中。虽然 /proc/device-tree 直接提供的是设备树的二进制形式，但我们可以通过以下步骤生成 DTS 文件，使用 dtc（设备树编译器）工具：

dtc -I fs -O dts -o output.dts /proc/device-tree

• -I fs: 指定输入格式为文件系统格式。
• -O dts: 指定输出格式为 DTS。
• -o output.dts: 指定输出文件名。

3. QEMU直接导出dts

使用QEMU模拟arm64时，如果使用了-machine virt，那么是不需要指定dts的，因为QEMU内置了一个dts文件，参考：qemu/v9.1.0/source/hw/arm/virt.c

qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -cpu cortex-a72 \
  -machine virt,gic-version=3,virtualization=on \
  -m 2048 \
  -nographic \
  -drive file=your_image.img,format=raw \
  -kernel your_kernel.img \
  -initrd your_initrd.img \
  -append "console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/vda rw"

在使用 QEMU 模拟器时，可以直接在启动虚拟机的过程中导出设备树二进制文件（DTB）。要在 QEMU 启动时导出 DTB，你可以使用 -machine 选项中的 dumpdtb 参数。以下是一个示例命令：

qemu-system-aarch64 -cpu cortex-a72 -machine virt,gic-version=3,virtualization=on,dumpdtb=cortex-a72-virt.dtb

• qemu-system-aarch64: 启动 QEMU 的 AArch64（ARM64）模拟器。
• -cpu cortex-a72: 指定使用 Cortex-A72 CPU。
• -machine virt: 指定虚拟机的机器类型为 virt。
• gic-version=3: 设置通用中断控制器（GIC）的版本为 3。
• virtualization=on: 开启虚拟化支持。
• dumpdtb=cortex-a72-virt.dtb: 在启动时生成并导出名为 cortex-a72-virt.dtb 的 DTB 文件。

成功启动后，QEMU 会自动将设备树保存为指定的 cortex-a72-virt.dtb 文件。你可以在本地文件系统中找到这个文件，并使用 dtc 工具将其转换为 DTS 文件：

dtc -I dtb -O dts -o cortex-a72-virt.dts cortex-a72-virt.dtb

4 修改dts后重新生成dtb

使用 dtc 命令将修改后的 DTS 文件转换为 DTB 文件。假设你的 DTS 文件名为 modified.dts，可以执行以下命令：

dtc -I dts -O dtb -o output.dtb modified.dts

• -I dts: 指定输入格式为 DTS。
• -O dtb: 指定输出格式为 DTB。
• -o output.dtb: 指定输出的 DTB 文件名。

附上一些有用的资料

devicetree « Documentation - kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git - Linux kernel source tree

Specifications (devicetree.org) 

Device Tree Reference - eLinux.org

Device Tree Usage - eLinux.org

ePAPR 1.1 (elinux.org)

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