【PyTorch】双向循环神经网络/Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network

1 模型描述

• 双向循环神经网络的特点是，当前时刻的输出不仅和之前的状态有关，还可能和未来的状态有关系，也就是同一层节点之间的信息是双向流动的
• 与一般的循环神经网络相比，在代码上改动不多，调用的函数仍是nn.LSTM，只是函数参数bidirectional设置为True，而隐层分成forward layer和backward layer，分别进行两个不同时间方向的信息传递，因此，隐层节点数翻倍
• 解决的问题是MNIST手写数字分类

2 具体代码

import torch 
import torch.nn as nn
import torchvision
import torchvision.transforms as transforms


# Device configuration
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

# Hyper-parameters
sequence_length = 28
input_size = 28
hidden_size = 128
num_layers = 2
num_classes = 10
batch_size = 100
num_epochs = 2
learning_rate = 0.003

# MNIST dataset
train_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
    root='../../data/',
    train=True, 
    transform=transforms.ToTensor(),
    download=True)

test_dataset = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
    root='../../data/',
    train=False, 
    transform=transforms.ToTensor())

# Data loader
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    dataset=train_dataset,
    batch_size=batch_size, 
    shuffle=True)

test_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(
    dataset=test_dataset,
    batch_size=batch_size, 
    shuffle=False)

# Bidirectional recurrent neural network (many-to-one)
class BiRNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, num_classes):
        super(BiRNN, self).__init__()
        self.hidden_size = hidden_size
        self.num_layers = num_layers
        self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, batch_first=True, bidirectional=True)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_size*2, num_classes)  # 2 for bidirection
    
    def forward(self, x):
        # Set initial states
        h0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers*2, x.size(0), self.hidden_size).to(device) # 2 for bidirection 
        c0 = torch.zeros(self.num_layers*2, x.size(0), self.hidden_size).to(device)
        
        # Forward propagate LSTM
        out, _ = self.lstm(x, (h0, c0))  # out: tensor of shape (batch_size, seq_length, hidden_size*2)
        
        # Decode the hidden state of the last time step
        out = self.fc(out[:, -1, :])
        return out

model = BiRNN(input_size, hidden_size, num_layers, num_classes).to(device)


# Loss and optimizer
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=learning_rate)
    
# Train the model
total_step = len(train_loader)
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
    for i, (images, labels) in enumerate(train_loader):
        images = images.reshape(-1, sequence_length, input_size).to(device)
        labels = labels.to(device)
        
        # Forward pass
        outputs = model(images)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        
        # Backward and optimize
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        
        if (i+1) % 100 == 0:
            print ('Epoch [{}/{}], Step [{}/{}], Loss: {:.4f}' 
                   .format(epoch+1, num_epochs, i+1, total_step, loss.item()))

# Test the model
with torch.no_grad():
    correct = 0
    total = 0
    for images, labels in test_loader:
        images = images.reshape(-1, sequence_length, input_size).to(device)
        labels = labels.to(device)
        outputs = model(images)
        _, predicted = torch.max(outputs.data, 1)
        total += labels.size(0)
        correct += (predicted == labels).sum().item()

    print('Test Accuracy of the model on the 10000 test images: {} %'.format(100 * correct / total)) 

# Save the model checkpoint
torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'model.ckpt')

3 模型输出

相比一般的RNN，双向RNN的效果还是提升了一点点的。

Epoch [1/2], Step [100/600], Loss: 0.5850
Epoch [1/2], Step [200/600], Loss: 0.1650
Epoch [1/2], Step [300/600], Loss: 0.2225
Epoch [1/2], Step [400/600], Loss: 0.1315
Epoch [1/2], Step [500/600], Loss: 0.1194
Epoch [1/2], Step [600/600], Loss: 0.0682
Epoch [2/2], Step [100/600], Loss: 0.0674
Epoch [2/2], Step [200/600], Loss: 0.0429
Epoch [2/2], Step [300/600], Loss: 0.0268
Epoch [2/2], Step [400/600], Loss: 0.1437
Epoch [2/2], Step [500/600], Loss: 0.0601
Epoch [2/2], Step [600/600], Loss: 0.1223
Test Accuracy of the model on the 10000 test images: 97.82 %