4.2 面向对象分析(二) CRC方法标识概念类

CRC

   又称为CRC索引卡片:CRC card

   每张卡片代表一个类 Each card represents one class

   每张卡片上写出这个类承担的职责、与其合作交互的其他类名

     CRC cards are paper index cards on which one writes the responsibilities and collaborators of classes

   CRC建模讨论会

     a group sitting around a table, discussing and writing on the cards as they play "what if" scenarios with the objects

     considering what they must do and what other objects they must collaborate with

     例如,废品回收机
   CRC 的特点

     非正式的、不是很细节的 Informal, non-detailed

     采用小组“头脑风暴”的形式提出概念 Used for group brain-storming

     CRC的目标不是提供完整的设计 Not intended to provide a complete design

     CRC产生的结果需要进一步精化 End result is a first cut at classes for an object-oriented model
CRC 的输入信息: 用例模型

   用例模型

     用例图、边界、用例描述,清楚 地描述了系统需求,作为CRC概 念类分析的起点

    A good starting point for CRC analysis is a clear statement of all of the use-cases

       Use-cases drive the introduction of CRC cards

     用例描述的正常事件流、异常事件流, 可以作为CRC的“角色扮演”的脚本

       Use-cases, or their accompanying scenarios, can be used as a kind of script for the role-playing method (角 色扮演)of checking the CRC cards

     “角色扮演”也可以用顺序图来代替 The role-playing could be replaced with sequence diagrams

CRC方法建模的一些规则

  CRC指导

     Who Writes CRC Cards?

       No one individual has all needed knowledge

       Best to write CRC cards as a team, rather than individually

       Analysis team should consist of five or six experienced individuals :

         one or two user domain experts

         one or two systems analysts

         one OO software designer

         one team facilitator and leader 一位引导者

         The team can include clients 客户 as well as developers

       小的团队关注点比较集中,大的团队很难给出一致意见 Smaller teams lack diversity, larger teams make consensus difficult to achieve        仲裁者具备OO技能以及团队引导能力,不是“老板”型

        Facilitator should be skilled at OO and group techniques, not be a "boss" of team

       围绕团队的提议来写CRC Writing of CRC cards focuses team activities

         切忌跑题:参见1994年春晚_相声《跑题》关于开会的会风问题…
     头脑风暴 Brainstorming

       Groups work by

         收集各种各样的想法,比较这些想法并进行合成

       A "brainstorming" session is a good way to collect the ideas quickly and creatively

     头脑风暴的原则 Brainstorming principles

       All ideas are potentially good ideas

         Don't censure(责难) yourself or others -- all ideas are equal

       Think fast and furiously激烈; ponder(沉思)later

         A fast-paced discussion encourages individual creativity

       Give every voice a turn

         Include everyone in the group. Don't let the loudmouths dominate.

       A little humor can be a powerful force

         Humor can help break down barriers, relieve tension, and build trust needed for a cohesive and effective group
     头脑风暴的步骤

       会议分阶段,每阶段目标明确 State session objectives.

        Each session should have a precise objective--clear to all and narrow enough to accomplish in the session

         Avoid digression (离题) from the objective

       使用“轮转”机制 Use a round-robin technique

         Go around the group from individual to individual

         Individuals may "pass" if they have nothing to contribute

         Stop when no one has anything to contribute

       讨论与选择 Discuss and select

         一致同意的 Restate the objective, then identify those items that everyone agrees are "winners"

         一致反对的 Then select those items that everyone disagrees are "losers"

         需要进一步讨论的 Then discuss the items remaining--the "maybes"

       设置“时间盒”

         在规定的时间间隔内有结论:或者完成、或者延迟到有进一步的信息到来,等等
     在“头脑风暴”开始之前,收集概念类可能的来源

       每个参与者要完成一些调查、分析任务

       阅读所有的需求文档 Read all requirements documents

         Examine the formal requirements document (if any)

         Don't overlook the indirect sources -- memos, meeting minutes, etc.

         Circle nouns and noun phrases -- these are potential classes

       仔细阅读各类报告 Look carefully at reports

         Examine the reports generated in the system being replaced (manual or automated)

         Examine the profiles for the reports desired in the new system

         Again circle nouns and noun phrases -- these are potential classes

       做一些访谈 Conduct interviews

         Talk to experienced users of the current system

         Record interview or take careful, precise notes

         Again identify nouns and noun phrases as candidate classes
     概念类可能的来源 Sources for the Candidate Classes

       检查其他的文档和文件 Examine documentation and files

         当前系统的有关文件 Review the documentation on the current system

         尝试收集用户、维护人员手里所拥有的非官方的、或者私人的笔记等

          Try to review any unofficial or personal notes users or maintainers of the system have

         同样的,在里面寻找名称 Again identify nouns and noun phrases as candidate classes
  CRC寻找结束后 …

     “角色扮演”验证 概念类 Team can engage in role-playing to verify that use-case scenarios make sense for chosen CRC

     每个人可以扮演1到多个类 Each person can role-play one or more class cards

     如果哪里不顺畅,立即修改 If something doesn’t work, change the class accordingly

     或者,去修改用例!(需求定义错了哦)Revision of use-cases might also be indicated

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/mayZhou/p/10548139.html

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