状语从句

一、什么是状语

定语：修饰名词的成分
主语：发出谓语动作的对象
同位语：解释名词的成分
宾语：谓语动词的作用对象

He runs away.
He runs away quickly.

run是实意动词，quickly是副词，副词修饰实意动词，做状语

He looks exhausted.
He looks quite exhausted.

quite是副词，修饰形容词exhausted，做状语

He runs away quickly like a crazy dog.

like a crazy dog是介词短语，修饰副词，做状语

Infact, he is exhausted.

infact介词短语修饰整个句子，做状语

状语就是在一句话当中修饰实意动词、形容词、副词以及整个句子的成分，叫做状语
状语除了名词不能修饰，什么成分都可以修饰

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二、状语的成分

1. 副词

   形容词和副词不可以出现在同一个位置(成分)上，所以状语不能是形容词

2. 介词短语

3. 非谓语动词

   He runs, smiling.

4. 从句

形容词可以做的成分：

1. 放在系动词后面做表语：Liu is beautiful.
2. 放在名词前面做定语：Liu is a beautiful woman.

无论是做那种成分，形容词都是用来修饰名词的

副词，除了名词不能修饰，谁都能修饰

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三、状语的位置

I will leave BeiJing tomorrow.(tomorrow做状语)
Tomorrow, I will leave BeiJing.
I, tomorrow, will leave BeiJing.
I will leave, tomorrow, BeiJing.

状语的位置随便放

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四、状语从句

when引导时间状语从句
where引导地点状语从句
because引导原因状语从句
seeing that(因为)引导原因状语从句

状语从句的引导词是按照引导词本身的意思分的类，一共把引导词分成九类：

1. 时间状语从句

when，while(while翻译成“当……的时候”，从句必须用进行时态)，as；
before，after，since，the moment，as soon as
by the time
until，not until

1. 状语从句时态的问题
   例：当爱来临的时候我要牵住他的手
   When romance comes, I will hold his hands.

   在所有的状语从句中，如果主句的动作和从句的动作都尚未发生的话，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。其他的情况，该用什么时态就用什么时态。如下例，都发生过了，那就都用一般过去时

   例：当爱来临的时候我没有牵到他的手
   When love came, I failed to hold her hands.

2. 区别until和not…until
   例：直到刘老师来我才会离开
   I will not depart until she comes.(depart是瞬间动词)
   I will wait until she comes.(wait是延续动词)

   区别在于看主句的谓语动词是短暂性动词还是延续性动词。如果是瞬间动词，就用not…until；如果是延续性动词就用until。

   例：直到我长大，我才意识到母亲的伟大
   I didn’t realize the greatness of mothers until I grow up.

3. when引导的时间状语从句，如果主句和从句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语中有be的话，此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略
   When I was a kid, I enjoyed his songs.
   When I was taking a shower, he was coming.(主句从句主语不一致)
   When I was taking a shower, I was calling somebody.

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2. 地点状语从句

where

例：这种树在潮湿的地方生长的很好
The tree grows healthily in wet places.(介词短语做状语)
The tree grows healthily where it is wet.

做地点的状语通常都是介词短语而不是从句

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3. 原因状语从句

1. because，as，since，in that，seeing that，considering that，now that，given that。都是“因为”的意思，都是引导词
2. for，“因为”，是连词。表示并列关系，因果关系
3. because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, for the sake of, as a result of，“因为”，是介词短语，后面不能跟句子，只能跟名词或动名词

例：因为他粗心，他出了一场事故
He had a car accident because he was careless.
Because he was careless, he had a car accident.

He has a car accident for he was careless.

He had a car accident because of his carelessness.
He had a car accident because of being careless.

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4. 目的状语从句

1. to, in order to, so as to。“目的是”，后面跟动词原型(to后面如果跟动词的话，一定是动词原型)
2. so that, in order that。“为了”，后面跟句子

例：为了看的更远，我们爬的更高
We will ascend higher so as to overlook farther.(so as to后面跟的是动词，不是完整的句子)
We will ascend higher in order that we overlook farther.(引导词后面跟的是完整的句子)

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5. 结果状语从句

so…that, such…that。“如此…以至于”
so的后面跟形容词/副词，such后面跟名词

例：He is such a man that we fail to love him.
I am so elegant that many boys love me.

只要作文中出现形容词或副词的地方，都可以写成so…that句型

例：生命是如此的短暂以至于我们应该珍惜每一天
Life proves so short that every moment ought to be cherished/valued.

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6. 让步状语从句

although, though, even though, even if, as, while。“虽然，尽管”
while翻译成“虽然，尽管”的意思时，只能放在句首，不能放在句中。

虽然我喜欢你…
While I love you…
I love you while…

as引导的让步状语从句，从句的表语可以放在句首，构成部分倒装。

虽然他很年轻，但是他很博学
As he looks young, he keeps/becomes knowledgable.
Young as he looks, he keeps/becomes knowledgable.

例：宠物在晚上会影响它们主人和邻居的休息，虽然它们可以陪伴老人

Pets, in the evening, exert great influence on the rest of their owners and neighbors, although they might accompany senior citizens.

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7. 方式状语从句

as, the way, as if/though。“好像，似乎”
例：她看起来似乎是冰做的。

She looks as if she were made of ice.

这里的she were是虚拟语气
例：如果我是你。If I were you.
例：她和我说话像是我妈妈一样。She talks with me as if she were my mother.

方式状语：by, by means of, in…way, in…manner。

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8. 条件状语从句

suppose that(假设), supposing that(假设),
if(如果), provided that(如果),
unless(除非，否定的条件，相当于if not),
as long as(只要), so long as(只要)。
例：只要有一丝希望，我也不会放弃(主将从现)

I will never give up so long as there is a ghost of hope.

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9. 比较状语从句

1. as…as…：和…一样
   You are as beautiful as I am.
   You are as beautiful as I.

2. 比较结构，than
   You are more beautiful than I am.
   You are more beautiful than I.

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五、状语和状语从句在写作中的使用

作文中任何一句话的旁边都可以给它加一个状语成分，把句子拉长。

28:25往后是习题，不用看了