目录
1.形容词和副词能够充当的成分
形容词:
- 表语:系动词后
- 定义:名词前
副词:无论放在哪里都是状语
- he cried sadly(修饰实义动词)
- he looks especially sad(修饰形容词)
- he cried rather sadly(副词修饰副词)
- actually,he cried(修饰整个句子)
2.什么是状语
2.1状语
状语就是在一句话中,用来修饰实义动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子的成分
状语在一句话当中,除了名词不能修饰,什么成分都可以修饰
修饰名词的是定语,定语只能修饰名词
2.2状语的成分
状语的成分:
- 副词(he cried sadly)
- 介词短语(he cried like a boy losing his toy)
- 非谓语动词(he cried ,sitting here)
- 从句(he cried when he sat here)
2.3状语的位置
随便放
2.4状语从句
引导词的分类标准:按照引导词本身的意思(9类)
1.时间状语从句:
when=while=as:当while翻译成"当...的时候",后面要接进行时态
before
after
since(自从)只要一句话带since,主句一定要用完成时态
i have fallen in love with you since i met you
the moment = as soon as
by the time
until
not ... untill
状语从句的时态问题:
在所有的状语从句中,如果主句和从句的动作都尚未发生的话,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)
when love comes , i will hold her hands
- when love came , i failed to hold her hands(都已经发生了,该用什么时态就用什么时态)
区别until和not ... until:看主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,还是瞬间性动词。
延续性动词-----> until
瞬间性动词-----> not ... until
- i will wait(延续) here until you come
- i will not leave(瞬间) until you come
i did not realize the greatness of mothers until i grew up
when引导时间状语从句省略的情况:when引导的时间状语从句,如果主句和从句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语有be动词,此时从句的主语和be动词可以同时省略
- when (i was) a kid , i enjoyed singing songs
2.地点状语从句:where
- the kind of trees grow well in moist places(介词短语作状语)
- where it is moist , the kind of trees grow well
做地点状语的通常都是介词短语,很少是从句
3.原因状语从句:都翻译成因为
1.引导词 2.连词 3.介词短语
2):for
练习:
4.目的状语从句:
to、in order to、so as to(动词原形)
引导词:so that(表示目的,通常放到句末)、in order that
- we will ascend higher in order to overlook farther(further抽象距离的远)
- we will ascend higher in order that we overlook farther
5.结果状语从句:
so ... that(so 后面跟的是形容词/副词)
such .... that (such 后面跟的是名词)
- it feels so hot today that i wear my dress
- my mother proves so kind that she is respected by all staff
so ... that 替换very + 形容词/副词
作文中出现adj/adv的地方,都可以换成so .... that
6.让步状语从句(往后退一步)
although、though、even though、even if(都翻译成虽然、尽管)
as
while(只能放在句首,不能放在句中)
- 但是(连词、两句话之间)
- 句首(虽然、尽管)
as的部分倒装:as引导的让步状语从句,从句的表语可以放在句首,构成部分倒装
- as l seem ugly ,but i keep gentle(❌)
不能加but,因为but是连词,不能连接从句和句子
- as l seem ugly , i keep gentle
- ugly as l seem , i keep gentle(倒装)
simple as the chart looks , the outlook behind proves profound —— national products becoming increasingly popular with chinese customers
7.方式状语从句:
as、the way、as if / though都翻译成好像、似乎,引导词方式状语从句
by、through、by means of、in...way 介词短语作状语
- she looks as if she were made of ice(虚拟语气)
8.条件状语从句:
if there seems a ghost of hope , i will never give up
9.比较状语从句:
as....as
then
- you are as beautiful as me (❌)从句没有了
- you are as beautiful as i am beautiful
- you are as beautiful as i (am beautiful 可以省略)