okvis解读

1. okvis简介

这篇博客:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/52201256

OKVIS 它是由 Stefan Leutenegge 等人提出的基于双目+惯导的视觉里程计,属于 VIO (Visual Inertial Odometry) 。

 

  • 按照 Davide Scaramuzza 的分类方法,首先分成 filter-based(基于滤波)和 optimization-based(基于优化)的两个大类,这也和一般 SLAM 系统的分类方法类似。
  • 按照是否把图像特征信息加入状态向量来进行分类,可以分为松耦合 (loosely-coupled) 和紧耦合 (tightly-coupled) 。

 

这是两种独立的分类方法,首先看是基于滤波还是优化的,然后进一步根据状态向量中是否加入了图像的特征信息来判断松紧耦合。

松耦合的工作不多,而且效果显然是没有紧耦合好,紧耦合中比较经典的是 OKVIS,前端基于 BRISK 算法,后端基于滑动窗口的优化,支持单目和双目视觉。

OKVIS 的算法流程是通过 IMU 测量值对当前状态做预测,根据预测进行特征提取和特征匹配,3D 点特征和二维图像特征构成优化中重投影,同时预测的 IMU 的状态量和优化的参数之间构成 IMU 测量误差,这两项误差放在一起做优化。

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Combining visual and inertial measurements has become popular in mobile robotics, since the two sensing modalities offer complementary characteristics that make them the ideal choice for accurate Visual-Inertial Odometry or Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). While historically the problem has been addressed with filtering, advancements in visual estimation suggest that non-linear optimization offers superior accuracy, while still tractable in complexity thanks to the sparsity of the underlying problem. Taking inspiration from these findings, we formulate a rigorously probabilistic cost function that combines reprojection errors of landmarks and inertial terms. The problem is kept tractable and thus ensuring real-time operation by limiting the optimization to a bounded window of keyframes through marginalization. Keyframes may be spaced in time by arbitrary intervals, while still related by linearized inertial terms. We present evaluation results on complementary datasets recorded with our custom-built stereo visual-inertial hardware that accurately synchronizes accelerometer and gyroscope measurements with imagery. A comparison of both a stereo and monocular version of our algorithm with and without online extrinsics estimation is shown with respect to ground truth. Furthermore, we compare the performance to an implementation of a state-of-the-art stochasic cloning sliding-window filter. This competititve reference implementation performs tightly-coupled filtering-based visual-inertial odometry. While our approach declaredly demands more computation, we show its superior performance in terms of accuracy.

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