在系统设计的模型里面有一个模型称之为Y-chart,其中有一个就称之为Gajski Y-Chart:
三个设计展示: 行为;结构; 物理
四个抽象层次:电路; 逻辑; 处理器(RTL)层次; 系统层次
四组库:晶体管; 逻辑; RTL; 处理器/通信
Y-Chart如下图,理解整个图,就差不多理解了整个系统设计的理念,我现在只是到了系统层次的表面阶段,还有很长的路要走!
还有一种叫做Stack of Y-Chart:
设计方法论(design methodology):Design methodology is a sequence of design models,components and tools used to design the product.Methodologies evolve with technology, complexity,and automation.A methodology depends on application, company and design group focus.Standardization arrives when the cost of being special is too high.
Bottom-up Methodology(自顶向下的方法论):从底层出发
Pros
Abstraction levels clearly separated with its own library
Accurate metric estimation with layout on each level
Globally distributed development possible
Easy management
Cons
An optimal library for each design is difficult to predict
All possible components with all possible parameters
All possible optimizations for all possible metrics
Library customization is outside the design group
Layout is performed on every level
Top-down Methodology(自顶向上的方法论):从最上层出发
Pros
Highest level of customization possible on each abstraction level
Only one small transistor library needed
Only one layout design at the end
Cons
Difficult metric estimation on upper levels since layout is not known until the end
Design decision impact on higher level not clear
Hot spot removal is difficult
Metric annotation (closure) from lower to higher levels needed during design iterations
Meet-in-the-Middle Methodology(从中间某一级开始的方法论)
Combines top-down and bottom-up
Synthesis vs. layout compromise
Processor level is where they meet
MoC is synthesized into processor components
Processor components are synthesized with RTL library
System layout is generated with RTL components
Pros
Shorter synthesis
Less layout
Less libraries
Better metric closure
Cons
Still needs libraries
More then one layout
Metric closure still needed
Library components may not be optimal
Platform Methodology(平台方法论)
Pros
Two types of layout: system layout for platform (could be predefined) and standard cell layout for custom components
Standard processors are available
Custom and interface components are added for optimization
Cons
Platform customization is still needed
SW and IF components synthesis required
System Methodology(系统方法论)
Pros
Processor-level component only
Single retargetable compiler for all architecture cells
Processor-level layout
Methodology for application experts
Minimal knowledge of system and processor levels
Cons
Architecture cell definition and library
IS definition
Change of mind
FPGA Methodology(fpga方法论)
Starts with system structure
Processor components synthesized with RTL and logic components
Components implemented with LUT and BRAMs
Layout only once
Metric estimation very difficult
Estimation is hidden in the FPGA supplier tools
注:以上内容来自于嵌入式系统鼻祖大牛们的课程PPT!