Python Data Analysis_三维图（RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log）

参考源代码： 

RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log
  Z = np.log(df['gpu_trans_count'].values)

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd


df = pd.read_csv('transcount.csv')
df = df.groupby('year').aggregate(np.mean)

gpu = pd.read_csv('gpu_transcount.csv')
gpu = gpu.groupby('year').aggregate(np.mean)

df = pd.merge(df, gpu, how='outer', left_index=True, right_index=True)
df = df.replace(np.nan, 0)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = df.index.values
Y = np.log(df['trans_count'].values)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = np.log(df['gpu_trans_count'].values)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)
ax.set_xlabel('Year')
ax.set_ylabel('Log CPU transistor counts')
ax.set_zlabel('Log GPU transistor counts')
ax.set_title("Moore's Law & Transistor Counts")
plt.show()

运行报错：

报错1：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:/Python_code/Temp_plot/temp_plot.py", line 32, in <module>
    ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)
  File "C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py", line 1556, in plot_surface
    raise ValueError("Argument Z must be 2-dimensional.")
ValueError: Argument Z must be 2-dimensional.

解决办法：

添加

Z = (X*Y*Z)/(X*Y)

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# @Time  : 2020/9/5 21:41
# @Author: lg6
# @File  : temp_plot.py

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

np.seterr(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore')

df = pd.read_csv('transcount.csv')
df = df.groupby('year').aggregate(np.mean)

gpu = pd.read_csv('gpu_transcount.csv')
gpu = gpu.groupby('year').aggregate(np.mean)

df = pd.merge(df, gpu, how='outer', left_index=True, right_index=True)
df = df.replace(np.nan, 0)
print(df)


fig = plt.figure()
ax = Axes3D(fig)
X = df.index.values
Y = np.log(df['trans_count'].values)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
Z = np.log(df['gpu_trans_count'].values)
Z = (X*Y*Z)/(X*Y)
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)

ax.set_xlabel('Year')
ax.set_ylabel('Log CPU transistor counts')
ax.set_zlabel('Log GPU transistor counts')
ax.set_title("Moore's Law & Transistor Counts")
plt.show()

 

报错2： 

"C:\Program Files\Python38\python3.exe" F:/Python_code/Temp_plot/temp_plot.py
F:/Python_code/Temp_plot/temp_plot.py:30: RuntimeWarning: divide by zero encountered in log
  Z = np.log(df['gpu_trans_count'].values)
C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py:1703: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in subtract
  v1 = polygons[..., i1, :] - polygons[..., i2, :]
C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\axes3d.py:1704: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in subtract
  v2 = polygons[..., i2, :] - polygons[..., i3, :]
C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\numeric.py:1630: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in multiply
  multiply(a2, b0, out=cp1)
C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2020.2.1\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend\backend_interagg.py:68: UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect.
  self.figure.tight_layout()
C:\Program Files\Python38\lib\site-packages\mpl_toolkits\mplot3d\proj3d.py:109: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in true_divide
  txs, tys, tzs = vecw[0]/w, vecw[1]/w, vecw[2]/w

Process finished with exit code 0

出错原因是数据Z中出现0，导致后面的结果运算除数为0

print(df)
       trans_count  gpu_trans_count
year                               
1971  2.300000e+03     0.000000e+00
1972  3.500000e+03     0.000000e+00
1974  4.533333e+03     0.000000e+00
1975  3.510000e+03     0.000000e+00
1976  7.500000e+03     0.000000e+00
1978  1.900000e+04     0.000000e+00
1979  4.850000e+04     0.000000e+00
1982  9.450000e+04     0.000000e+00
1983  8.500000e+03     0.000000e+00
1984  2.000000e+05     0.000000e+00
1985  1.053333e+05     0.000000e+00
1986  2.500000e+04     0.000000e+00
1988  2.500000e+05     0.000000e+00
1989  7.401175e+05     0.000000e+00
1991  6.900000e+05     0.000000e+00
1993  3.100000e+06     0.000000e+00
1994  5.789770e+05     0.000000e+00
1995  5.500000e+06     0.000000e+00
1996  4.300000e+06     0.000000e+00
1997  8.150000e+06     3.500000e+06
1998  7.500000e+06     0.000000e+00
1999  1.760000e+07     1.350000e+07
2000  3.150000e+07     2.500000e+07
2001  4.500000e+07     5.850000e+07
2002  1.375000e+08     8.500000e+07
2003  1.900667e+08     1.260000e+08
2004  3.520000e+08     1.910000e+08
2005  1.690000e+08     3.120000e+08
2006  6.040000e+08     5.325000e+08
2007  3.716000e+08     7.270000e+08
2008  9.032000e+08     1.179500e+09
2009  3.450000e+09     2.154000e+09
2010  1.511667e+09     2.946667e+09
2011  1.733500e+09     4.312712e+09
2012  2.014826e+09     5.310000e+09
2013  5.000000e+09     6.300000e+09
2014  4.310000e+09     0.000000e+00

 

解决办法：

方法一：

注释掉

df = df.replace(np.nan, 0)

UserWarning: Z contains NaN values. This may result in rendering artifacts.
  ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z)
C:\Program Files\JetBrains\PyCharm 2020.2.1\plugins\python\helpers\pycharm_matplotlib_backend\backend_interagg.py:68: UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect.
  self.figure.tight_layout()

 方法二：

在开头添加语句

np.seterr(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore')

UserWarning: This figure includes Axes that are not compatible with tight_layout, so results might be incorrect.
  self.figure.tight_layout()

 

参考资料：

python ：invalid value encountered in true_divide。（除法遇到无效值）

https://blog.csdn.net/wsdn782368398/article/details/89893465