Custom lighting models in Surface Shaders 表面着色器自定义光照模型 - Unity Shader Reference 系列4

Custom lighting models in Surface Shaders 表面着色器自定义光照模型

本文档主要是对Unity官方手册的个人理解与总结（其实以翻译记录为主：>）
仅作为个人学习使用，不得作为商业用途，欢迎转载，并请注明出处。
文章中涉及到的操作都是基于Unity2018.2版本
参考链接：https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SL-SurfaceShaderLighting.html
https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/SL-SurfaceShaderLightingExamples.html

When writing Surface Shaders, you describe the properties of a surface (such as albedo color and normal), and a Lighting Model computes the lighting interaction.
当你在写表面着色器时，你描述了一个表面的属性（比如albedo颜色和法线），一个光照模型计算了灯光的相互作用。

There are two built-in lighting models: Lambert for diffuse lighting, and BlinnPhong for specular lighting. The Lighting.cginc file inside Unity defines these models (Windows: /Data/CGIncludes/Lighting.cginc; macOS: /Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/CGIncludes/Lighting.cginc).
有两种内置的光照模式：用于漫射光照的兰伯特（Lambert ），以及用于高光光照的BlinnPhong光照。Lighting.cginc文件在Unity中定义了这些模型（Windows: /Data/CGIncludes/Lighting.cginc; macOS:/Applications/Unity/Unity.app/Contents/CGIncludes/Lighting.cginc).

Sometimes you might want to use a custom lighting model. You can do this with Surface Shaders. A lighting model is simply a couple of Cg/HLSL functions that match some conventions.
有时您可能想要使用自定义的光照模型。你可以用表面着色器来做。光照模型仅仅是一些与某些约定相匹配的Cg/HLSL函数。

Declaring lighting models 声明光照模型

A lighting model consists of regular functions with names that begin Lighting. You can declare them anywhere in your shader file, or one of the included files. The functions are:
光照模型名称是由Lighting开始的常规函数组成。您可以在shader文件的任何地方声明它们，也可以在其中一个包含的文件中声明它们。函数有:

1. half4 Lighting (SurfaceOutput s, UnityGI gi); Use this in forward rendering paths for light models that are not dependent on the view direction. 在不依赖于观察方向的光照模型的正向渲染路径中使用它。
2. half4 Lighting (SurfaceOutput s, half3 viewDir, UnityGI gi); Use this in forward rendering paths for light models that are dependent on the view direction. 在基于观察方向的光照模型的正向渲染路径中使用它。
3. half4 Lighting_Deferred (SurfaceOutput s, UnityGI gi, out half4 outDiffuseOcclusion, out half4 outSpecSmoothness, out half4 outNormal); Use this in deferred lighting paths. 在延迟光照路径中使用。
4. half4 Lighting_PrePass (SurfaceOutput s, half4 light); Use this in light prepass (legacy deferred) lighting paths. 在光照预通道（传统延迟）光照路径中使用。

Note that you don’t need to declare all functions. A lighting model either uses view direction or it does not. Similarly, if the lighting model only works in forward rendering, do not declare the _Deferred or _Prepass function. This ensures that Shaders that use it only compile to for