FIFO是一个先进先出的数据结构,顺序写入,顺序读出。
FIFO的输入端口有:时钟与复位信号(clk、rst_n)、读写使能信号(write_sig、read_sig)、写数据信号(data_write)。
FIFO的输出端口有:数据读出信号(data_read)、判空信号(empty_sig)、判满信号(full_sig)。
FIFO的内部存储模块可以使用RAM进行建模,数据写入和读出都是对这个RAM进行操作,同时,FIFO内部还要有两个指针,用于指示写入数据的位置(write_pointer)和读出数据的位置(read_pointer),此外这两个指针的相对位置还可以用来判断空满。
同步FIFO如何判断空满?
使用扩展位来判断FIFO的空满,当读写指针的扩展位(最高位)不同,而剩余低位相同时,FIFO满。当读写指针的大小相等时,FIFO为空。
这个结论是怎么来呢?
假设一个FIFO的深度为4,按理说读写指针的长度为2就够用了,但考虑有指针读或者写到最高地址后会回到最低地址位继续读或写,也就意味着需要一个扩展位来指示指针是否已经先写完一轮了,为1的时候表示该指针已经相对在第二轮了。读或者写都不可能连续超过两轮,也就是不会出现写第三轮的情况,因此读写情况就可以分为如下四种情况:
(1)读指针和写指针都在第一轮,最高位都等于0,那么只有当读写指针相等的时候,才为空,不可能出现满的情况。
(2)写指针在开始进入第二轮,其最高位变为1,而读还在第一轮,最高位仍为0,这种情况下只有读写指针的低位地址相等时,才为满,不可能出现空的情况。
(3)读写指针均进入第二轮,最高位都为1,此时读写指针的大小相等的时候,才为空,不可能出现满的情况。
(4)当写指针回到第一轮的时候,最高位变为0,读指针还在第二轮,最高位为1,这种情况下,当读写指针的低位地址相等时,才为满。不可能出现空的情况。
总的来说,判空就是读指针追上了写指针,而判满就是写指针追上了读指针。
同FIFO设计代码
`timescale 1ns/1ns
module SYN_FIFO #(parameter DEPTH=16,
WIDTH=8,
P_WIDTH=5)
(input clk,
input rst_n,
input write_sig,
input read_sig,
input [WIDTH-1:0] data_write,
output [WIDTH-1:0] data_read,
output full_sig,
output empty_sig
);
reg [WIDTH-1:0] RAM [DEPTH-1:0];
reg [P_WIDTH-1:0] pointer_write;
reg [P_WIDTH-1:0] pointer_read;
reg [WIDTH-1:0] rdata_read;
assign data_read=rdata_read;
assign full_sig=((pointer_write[P_WIDTH-1]!=pointer_read[P_WIDTH-1])&&(pointer_write[P_WIDTH-2:0]==pointer_read[P_WIDTH-2:0]))?1:0;
assign empty_sig=(pointer_write[P_WIDTH-1:0]==pointer_read[P_WIDTH-1:0])?1:0;
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
pointer_write<=0;
pointer_read<=0;
rdata_read<=0;
end
else
if(!empty_sig&&!full_sig&&write_sig&&read_sig)begin
RAM[pointer_write[P_WIDTH-2:0]]<=data_write;
rdata_read<=RAM[pointer_read[P_WIDTH-2:0]];
pointer_write<=pointer_write+1;
pointer_read<=pointer_read+1;
end
else
if(!empty_sig&&read_sig)begin
rdata_read<=RAM[pointer_read[P_WIDTH-2:0]];
pointer_read<=pointer_read+1;
end
else
if(!full_sig&&write_sig)begin
RAM[pointer_write[P_WIDTH-2:0]]<=data_write;
pointer_write<=pointer_write+1;
end
end
endmodule
Testbench
`timescale 1ns/1ns
module Syn_FIFO_tb;
parameter DEPTH = 16;
parameter WIDTH = 8;
parameter P_WIDTH = 5;
reg clk;
reg rst_n;
reg Write_Sig;
reg Read_Sig;
reg [7:0] Data_Write;
wire [7:0] Data_Read;
integer i;
wire Full_Sig;
wire Empty_Sig;
Syn_FIFO #(
.DEPTH(DEPTH),
.WIDTH(WIDTH),
.P_WIDTH(P_WIDTH)
) inst_Syn_FIFO (
.rst_n (rst_n),
.clk (clk),
.Data_Write (Data_Write),
.Write_Sig (Write_Sig),
.Read_Sig (Read_Sig),
.Data_Read (Data_Read),
.Full_Sig (Full_Sig),
.Empty_Sig (Empty_Sig)
);
always #5
clk = ~clk;
initial begin
clk = 1'b0;
rst_n = 1'b1;
@(posedge clk)
#5 rst_n = 1'b0;
@(posedge clk)
#5 rst_n = 1'b1;
end
initial begin
i = 4'd0;
Write_Sig = 1'd0;
Read_Sig = 1'd0;
Data_Write = 8'd0;
repeat(5) @(posedge clk);
for(i=0; i<19; i=i+1)
Write_Data(1'd1, 12*(i+1));
for(i=0; i<19; i=i+1)
Read_Data(1'd1);
for(i=0; i<19; i=i+1)
Write_Data(1'd1, 12*(i+1));
for(i=0; i<8; i=i+1)
Read_Data(1'd1);
@(posedge clk)
Read_Sig <= 1'b0;
for(i=0; i<19; i=i+1)
Write_Data(1'd1, 12*(i+1));
for(i=0; i<19; i=i+1)
Read_Data(1'd1);
@(posedge clk)
Write_Sig <= 1'b1;
Data_Write <= 8'd3;
@(posedge clk)
Write_Sig <= 1'b1;
Data_Write <= 8'd5;
@(posedge clk)
Write_Sig <= 1'b1;
Data_Write <= 8'd7;
Read_Sig <= 1'b1;
@(posedge clk)
Write_Sig <= 1'b0;
Data_Write <= 8'd0;
Read_Sig <= 1'b1;
@(posedge clk)
Read_Sig <= 1'b1;
@(posedge clk)
Read_Sig <= 1'b1;
@(posedge clk)
Read_Sig <= 1'b0;
#30 $stop;
end
task Write_Data(input reg Write_en,input reg [7:0] Data_in);
begin
@(posedge clk)
if(Full_Sig) begin
Write_Sig <= 1'b0;
Data_Write <= 8'd0;
end
else begin
Write_Sig <= Write_en;
Data_Write <= Data_in;
end
end
endtask
task Read_Data(input reg Read_en);
begin
@(posedge clk)
if(Empty_Sig)
Read_Sig <= 1'b0;
else Read_Sig <= Read_en;
end
endtask
endmodule