scipy.interpolate - 离散数据求根&两组离散数据求交点

scipy.interpolate - 离散数据求根&两组离散数据求交点

第一部分：离散数据求根

import numpy as np
np.set_printoptions(linewidth=1000)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 支持中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 用来正常显示负号

from scipy import interpolate

# 离散点坐标
X = np.array([5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 22]) 
# X必须是严格单调递增数据，判断方法：if np.all(np.diff(X)>0)
Y = np.array([2, 6, 5, 3, 10, -3, 6, 8])

# 显示离散点
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
plt.title('两组离散数据与零线')
plt.xlabel('X')
plt.ylabel('Y')

plt.plot(
    X, 
    Y, 
    linestyle= 'dashed',
    marker='*',
    label='X,Y离散数据')

plt.plot(
    [X[0], X[-1]], 
    [0, 0], 
    linestyle= '-',
    marker='',
    color = 'black',
    label='零线')

plt.legend()
plt.show()

# 根据离散点XY构造样条曲线
# BSpline(builtins.object)
# tck: A spline, as returned by `splrep` or a BSpline object.
tck = interpolate.make_interp_spline(x=X, y=Y, k=1) # roots = [ 3.         15.53846154 16.66666667]

# tuple(object)
# tck: A spline, as returned by `splrep` or a BSpline object.
#tck = interpolate.splrep(x=X, y=Y, k=1, s=0) # roots = [ 3.         15.53846154 16.66666667]

# k为样条曲线的阶数，k=1为线性，k=2为二次多项式，...

# 转换
# class PPoly(_PPolyBase); Construct a piecewise polynomial from a spline
piecewise_polynomial = interpolate.PPoly.from_spline(tck, extrapolate=None)
# 求根
roots_X_ = piecewise_polynomial.roots() # class ndarray(builtins.object)

# 在X范围内筛选根
roots_X = roots_X_[np.where(np.logical_and(roots_X_>=X[0