python开发_xml.etree.ElementTree_XML文件操作_该模块在操作XML数据是存在安全隐患_慎用

xml.etree.ElementTree模块实现了一个简单而有效的用户解析和创建XML数据的API。

在python3.3版本中，该模块进行了一些修改：

xml.etree.cElementTree模块被弃用。

警告：xml.etree.ElementTree模块在解析恶意构造的数据会产生一定的安全隐患。所以使用该模块的时候需要谨慎。

下面来看看该模块是怎样解析和创建XML数据文档的。

首先，我们应该了解一下什么是XML树和元素，XML是一种固有的层次化数据格式，这是一种最自然的格式类表示一棵树。

xml.etree.ElementTree（简写ET）就此而言，ElementTree代表的是整个XML无奈的和元素的一棵树，这棵树有一个唯一的

root根节点。在根节点下面，可以有很多子节点，而每一个子节点又可以有自己的属性或子节点....

我们今天需要解析的XML文件的内容如下：

我把该XML文件保存在：c:\\test\\hongten.xml文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<students>
    <student no="2009081097">
        <name>Hongten</name>
        <gender>M</gender>
        <age>20</age>
        <score subject="math">97</score>
        <score subject="chinese">90</score>
    </student>
    <student no="2009081098">
        <name>DuDu</name>
        <gender>W</gender>
        <age>21</age>
        <score subject="math">87</score>
        <score subject="chinese">96</score>
    </student>
    <student no="2009081099">
        <name>Sum</name>
        <gender>M</gender>
        <age>19</age>
        <score subject="math">64</score>
        <score subject="chinese">98</score>
    </student>
</students>

在上面的XML文件内容中，我们可以看到此XML文件的根节点为：students
我们可以通过下面的方法获取到根节点：

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('c:\\test\\hongten.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
tag = root.tag          #students

同样的我们也可以获取到根节点的属性：

 attrib = root.attrib     #{}

 因为根节点：students是没有属性的，所以为空。

我们要获取根节点：students的子节点名称和属性：

for child in root:
print(child.tag, child.attrib)

输出为：

student {'no' : '2009081097'}
student {'no' : '2009081098'}
student {'no' : '2009081099'}

我们同样可以获取属性对应的值：

for student in root.findall('student'):
no = student.get('no')
name = student.find('name').text
print(no, name)

输出为：

2009081097 Hongten
2009081098 DuDu
2009081099 Sum

当然，我们也可以修改XML文件的内容：

for age in root.iter('age'):
new_age = int(age.text) + 1
age.text = str(new_age)
age.set('updated', 'yes')
tree.write('c:\\test\\hongten_update.xml')

修改后的XML文件内容如下：

<students>
    <student no="2009081097">
        <name>Hongten</name>
        <gender>M</gender>
        <age updated="yes">21</age>
        <score subject="math">97</score>
        <score subject="chinese">90</score>
    </student>
    <student no="2009081098">
        <name>DuDu</name>
        <gender>W</gender>
        <age updated="yes">22</age>
        <score subject="math">87</score>
        <score subject="chinese">96</score>
    </student>
    <student no="2009081099">
        <name>Sum</name>
        <gender>M</gender>
        <age updated="yes">20</age>
        <score subject="math">64</score>
        <score subject="chinese">98</score>
    </student>
</students>

==================================================================

以下是我对xml.etree.ElementTree模块进行了一些封装

==================================================================

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#python xml.etree.ElementTree

#Author   :   Hongten
#Mailto   :   hongtenzone@foxmail.com
#Blog     :   http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten
#QQ       :   648719819
#Version  :   1.0
#Create   :   2013-09-03

import os
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

'''
    在python中，解析XML文件有很多中方法
    本文中要使用的方法是：xml.etree.ElementTree       
'''
#global var
#show log
SHOW_LOG = True
#XML file
XML_PATH = None

def get_root(path):
    '''parse the XML file,and get the tree of the XML file
    finally,return the root element of the tree.
    if the XML file dose not exist,then print the information'''
    if os.path.exists(path):
        if SHOW_LOG:
            print('start to parse the file : [{}]'.format(path))
        tree = ET.parse(path)
        return tree.getroot()
    else:
        print('the path [{}] dose not exist!'.format(path))

def get_element_tag(element):
    '''return the element tag if the element is not None.'''
    if element is not None:
        if SHOW_LOG:
            print('begin to handle the element : [{}]'.format(element))
        return element.tag
    else:
        print('the element is None!')

def get_element_attrib(element):
    '''return the element attrib if the element is not None.'''
    if element is not None:
        if SHOW_LOG:
            print('begin to handle the element : [{}]'.format(element))
        return element.attrib
    else:
        print('the element is None!')

def get_element_text(element):
    '''return the text of the element.'''
    if element is not None:
        return element.text
    else:
        print('the element is None!')

def get_element_children(element):
    '''return the element children if the element is not None.'''
    if element is not None:
        if SHOW_LOG:
            print('begin to handle the element : [{}]'.format(element))
        return [c for c in element]
    else:
        print('the element is None!')

def get_elements_tag(elements):
    '''return the list of tags of element's tag'''
    if elements is not None:
        tags = []
        for e in elements:
            tags.append(e.tag)
        return tags
    else:
        print('the elements is None!')

def get_elements_attrib(elements):
    '''return the list of attribs of element's attrib'''
    if elements is not None:
        attribs = []
        for a in elements:
            attribs.append(a.attrib)
        return attribs
    else:
        print('the elements is None!')

def get_elements_text(elements):
    '''return the dict of element'''
    if elements is not None:
        text = []
        for t in elements:
            text.append(t.text)
        return dict(zip(get_elements_tag(elements), text))
    else:
        print('the elements is None!')

def init():
    global SHOW_LOG
    SHOW_LOG = True
    global XML_PATH
    XML_PATH = 'c:\\test\\hongten.xml'

def main():
    init()
    #root
    root = get_root(XML_PATH)
    root_tag = get_element_tag(root)
    print(root_tag)
    root_attrib = get_element_attrib(root)
    print(root_attrib)
    #children
    children = get_element_children(root)
    print(children)
    children_tags = get_elements_tag(children)
    print(children_tags)
    children_attribs = get_elements_attrib(children)
    print(children_attribs)

    print('#' * 50)
    #获取二级元素的每一个子节点的名称和值
    for c in children:
        c_children = get_element_children(c)
        dict_text = get_elements_text(c_children)
        print(dict_text)
    
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行效果：

Python 3.3.2 (v3.3.2:d047928ae3f6, May 16 2013, 00:03:43) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
start to parse the file : [c:\test\hongten.xml]
begin to handle the element : [<Element 'students' at 0x0215C5A0>]
students
begin to handle the element : [<Element 'students' at 0x0215C5A0>]
{}
begin to handle the element : [<Element 'students' at 0x0215C5A0>]
[<Element 'student' at 0x0215C600>, <Element 'student' at 0x0215C750>, <Element 'student' at 0x0215C870>]
['student', 'student', 'student']
[{'no': '2009081097'}, {'no': '2009081098'}, {'no': '2009081099'}]
##################################################
begin to handle the element : [<Element 'student' at 0x0215C600>]
{'score': '90', 'gender': 'M', 'name': 'Hongten', 'age': '20'}
begin to handle the element : [<Element 'student' at 0x0215C750>]
{'score': '96', 'gender': 'W', 'name': 'DuDu', 'age': '21'}
begin to handle the element : [<Element 'student' at 0x0215C870>]
{'score': '98', 'gender': 'M', 'name': 'Sum', 'age': '19'}
>>>

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/hongten/p/hongten_python_xml_etree_elementtree.html