不管是在Android开发还是iOS开发过程中，有时候我们需要经常根据设备的一些状态或信息进行不同的设置和性能配置，例如横竖屏切换时，电池电量低时，内存不够时，网络切换时等等，我们在这时候需要进行一些友好的提示和保护设备的一些设置。在Android开发中我们可以通过DeviceUtil这个工具类来获取设备网络状态、电池电量等各种状态信息，那么在iOS开发中，我们是否也能获取到设备的各种状态信息呢？答案是肯定的，本文就主要来学习一下在iOS开发过程中如何获取到设备的各种状态信息。
在iOS中要获取设备的状态信息，主要涉及到三个类：UIDevice、NSbundle和NSlocale。这三个类分别对应不同的信息：
- UIDevice是设计到设备的状态信息最多最常用的一个类，主要用于获取类函数及状态通知，可以检测手机电量、定位、感应、机型、当前系统版本等等。
- NSbundle是一个目录，其中包含了程序会使用到的资源，这些资源包含了图像、声音、编译好的代码，通过这些亦可获取一些应用信息。
- NsLocale可以获取用户的本地化信息，如货币、语言、国家、数字、日期格式、地理位置显示等等。
// 这个方法后面会列出来 NSString *deviceName = [self getDeviceName]; NSLog(@"设备型号-->%@", deviceName); NSString *iPhoneName = [UIDevice currentDevice].name; NSLog(@"iPhone名称-->%@", iPhoneName); NSString *appVerion = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary] objectForKey:@"CFBundleShortVersionString"]; NSLog(@"app版本号-->%@", appVerion); CGFloat batteryLevel = [[UIDevice currentDevice] batteryLevel]; NSLog(@"电池电量-->%f", batteryLevel); NSString *localizedModel = [UIDevice currentDevice].localizedModel; NSLog(@"localizedModel-->%@", localizedModel); NSString *systemName = [UIDevice currentDevice].systemName; NSLog(@"当前系统名称-->%@", systemName); NSString *systemVersion = [UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion; NSLog(@"当前系统版本号-->%@", systemVersion); struct utsname systemInfo; uname(&systemInfo); NSString *device_model = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.machine encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSLog(@"device_model-->%@", device_model); // 这个方法后面会单独列出 NSString *macAddress = [self getMacAddress]; NSLog(@"macAddress-->%@", macAddress); // 这个方法后面会单独列出 NSString *deviceIP = [self getDeviceIPAddresses]; NSLog(@"deviceIP-->%@", deviceIP); // 设备上次重启的时间 NSTimeInterval time = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] systemUptime]; NSDate *lastRestartDate = [[NSDate alloc] initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(0 - time)]; -
广告位标识符：在同一个设备上的所有App都会取到相同的值，是苹果专门给各广告提供商用来追踪用户而设的，用户可以在 设置|隐私|广告追踪里重置此id的值，或限制此id的使用，故此id有可能会取不到值，但好在Apple默认是允许追踪的，而且一般用户都不知道有这么个设置，所以基本上用来监测推广效果，是戳戳有余了
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NSString *idfa = [[[ASIdentifierManager sharedManager] advertisingIdentifier] UUIDString]; NSLog(@"广告位标识符idfa-->%@", idfa); -
UUID是Universally Unique Identifier的缩写，中文意思是通用唯一识别码。它是让分布式系统中的所有元素，都能有唯一的辨识资讯，而不需要透过中央控制端来做辨识资讯的指 定。这样，每个人都可以建立不与其它人冲突的 UUID。在此情况下，就不需考虑数据库建立时的名称重复问题。苹果公司建议使用UUID为应用生成唯一标识字符串。
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NSString *uuid = [[[UIDevice currentDevice] identifierForVendor] UUIDString]; NSLog(@"唯一识别码uuid-->%@", uuid); -
获取设备型号
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// 获取设备型号然后手动转化为对应名称 - (NSString *)getDeviceName { // 需要#import "sys/utsname.h" #warning 题主呕心沥血总结！！最全面！亲测！全网独此一份！！ struct utsname systemInfo; uname(&systemInfo); NSString *deviceString = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.machine encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone3,1"]) return @"iPhone 4"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone3,2"]) return @"iPhone 4"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone3,3"]) return @"iPhone 4"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone4,1"]) return @"iPhone 4S"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone5,1"]) return @"iPhone 5"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone5,2"]) return @"iPhone 5 (GSM+CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone5,3"]) return @"iPhone 5c (GSM)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone5,4"]) return @"iPhone 5c (GSM+CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone6,1"]) return @"iPhone 5s (GSM)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone6,2"]) return @"iPhone 5s (GSM+CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone7,1"]) return @"iPhone 6 Plus"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone7,2"]) return @"iPhone 6"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone8,1"]) return @"iPhone 6s"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone8,2"]) return @"iPhone 6s Plus"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone8,4"]) return @"iPhone SE"; // 日行两款手机型号均为日本独占，可能使用索尼FeliCa支付方案而不是苹果支付 if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone9,1"]) return @"国行、日版、港行iPhone 7"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone9,2"]) return @"港行、国行iPhone 7 Plus"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone9,3"]) return @"美版、台版iPhone 7"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone9,4"]) return @"美版、台版iPhone 7 Plus"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone10,1"]) return @"国行(A1863)、日行(A1906)iPhone 8"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone10,4"]) return @"美版(Global/A1905)iPhone 8"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone10,2"]) return @"国行(A1864)、日行(A1898)iPhone 8 Plus"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone10,5"]) return @"美版(Global/A1897)iPhone 8 Plus"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone10,3"]) return @"国行(A1865)、日行(A1902)iPhone X"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPhone10,6"]) return @"美版(Global/A1901)iPhone X"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPod1,1"]) return @"iPod Touch 1G"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPod2,1"]) return @"iPod Touch 2G"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPod3,1"]) return @"iPod Touch 3G"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPod4,1"]) return @"iPod Touch 4G"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPod5,1"]) return @"iPod Touch (5 Gen)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad1,1"]) return @"iPad"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad1,2"]) return @"iPad 3G"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,1"]) return @"iPad 2 (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,2"]) return @"iPad 2"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,3"]) return @"iPad 2 (CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,4"]) return @"iPad 2"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,5"]) return @"iPad Mini (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,6"]) return @"iPad Mini"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad2,7"]) return @"iPad Mini (GSM+CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad3,1"]) return @"iPad 3 (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad3,2"]) return @"iPad 3 (GSM+CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad3,3"]) return @"iPad 3"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad3,4"]) return @"iPad 4 (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad3,5"]) return @"iPad 4"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad3,6"]) return @"iPad 4 (GSM+CDMA)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,1"]) return @"iPad Air (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,2"]) return @"iPad Air (Cellular)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,4"]) return @"iPad Mini 2 (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,5"]) return @"iPad Mini 2 (Cellular)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,6"]) return @"iPad Mini 2"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,7"]) return @"iPad Mini 3"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,8"]) return @"iPad Mini 3"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad4,9"]) return @"iPad Mini 3"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad5,1"]) return @"iPad Mini 4 (WiFi)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad5,2"]) return @"iPad Mini 4 (LTE)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad5,3"]) return @"iPad Air 2"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad5,4"]) return @"iPad Air 2"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad6,3"]) return @"iPad Pro 9.7"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad6,4"]) return @"iPad Pro 9.7"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad6,7"]) return @"iPad Pro 12.9"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"iPad6,8"]) return @"iPad Pro 12.9"; if ([machineString isEqualToString:@"iPad6,11"]) return @"iPad 5 (WiFi)"; if ([machineString isEqualToString:@"iPad6,12"]) return @"iPad 5 (Cellular)"; if ([machineString isEqualToString:@"iPad7,1"]) return @"iPad Pro 12.9 inch 2nd gen (WiFi)"; if ([machineString isEqualToString:@"iPad7,2"]) return @"iPad Pro 12.9 inch 2nd gen (Cellular)"; if ([machineString isEqualToString:@"iPad7,3"]) return @"iPad Pro 10.5 inch (WiFi)"; if ([machineString isEqualToString:@"iPad7,4"]) return @"iPad Pro 10.5 inch (Cellular)"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"AppleTV2,1"]) return @"Apple TV 2"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"AppleTV3,1"]) return @"Apple TV 3"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"AppleTV3,2"]) return @"Apple TV 3"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"AppleTV5,3"]) return @"Apple TV 4"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"i386"]) return @"Simulator"; if ([deviceString isEqualToString:@"x86_64"]) return @"Simulator"; return deviceString; } -
mac 地址
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- (NSString *)getMacAddress { int mib[6]; size_t len; char *buf; unsigned char *ptr; struct if_msghdr *ifm; struct sockaddr_dl *sdl; mib[0] = CTL_NET; mib[1] = AF_ROUTE; mib[2] = 0; mib[3] = AF_LINK; mib[4] = NET_RT_IFLIST; if ((mib[5] = if_nametoindex("en0")) == 0) { printf("Error: if_nametoindex error/n"); return NULL; } if (sysctl(mib, 6, NULL, &len, NULL, 0) < 0) { printf("Error: sysctl, take 1/n"); return NULL; } if ((buf = malloc(len)) == NULL) { printf("Could not allocate memory. error!/n"); return NULL; } if (sysctl(mib, 6, buf, &len, NULL, 0) < 0) { printf("Error: sysctl, take 2"); return NULL; } ifm = (struct if_msghdr *)buf; sdl = (struct sockaddr_dl *)(ifm + 1); ptr = (unsigned char *)LLADDR(sdl); NSString *outstring = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"xxxxxx", *ptr, *(ptr+1), *(ptr+2), *(ptr+3), *(ptr+4), *(ptr+5)]; free(buf); return [outstring uppercaseString]; } -
IP地址
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- (NSString *)getDeviceIPAddresses { int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); NSMutableArray *ips = [NSMutableArray array]; int BUFFERSIZE = 4096; struct ifconf ifc; char buffer[BUFFERSIZE], *ptr, lastname[IFNAMSIZ], *cptr; struct ifreq *ifr, ifrcopy; ifc.ifc_len = BUFFERSIZE; ifc.ifc_buf = buffer; if (ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) >= 0){ for (ptr = buffer; ptr < buffer + ifc.ifc_len; ){ ifr = (struct ifreq *)ptr; int len = sizeof(struct sockaddr); if (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_len > len) { len = ifr->ifr_addr.sa_len; } ptr += sizeof(ifr->ifr_name) + len; if (ifr->ifr_addr.sa_family != AF_INET) continue; if ((cptr = (char *)strchr(ifr->ifr_name, ':')) != NULL) *cptr = 0; if (strncmp(lastname, ifr->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ) == 0) continue; memcpy(lastname, ifr->ifr_name, IFNAMSIZ); ifrcopy = *ifr; ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifrcopy); if ((ifrcopy.ifr_flags & IFF_UP) == 0) continue; NSString *ip = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&ifr->ifr_addr)->sin_addr)]; [ips addObject:ip]; } } close(sockfd); NSString *deviceIP = @""; for (int i=0; i < ips.count; i++) { if (ips.count > 0) { deviceIP = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",ips.lastObject]; } } return deviceIP; } -
CPU
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// CPU总数目 - (NSUInteger)getCPUCount { return [NSProcessInfo processInfo].activeProcessorCount; } // 已使用的CPU比例 - (float)getCPUUsage { float cpu = 0; NSArray *cpus = [self getPerCPUUsage]; if (cpus.count == 0) return -1; for (NSNumber *n in cpus) { cpu += n.floatValue; } return cpu; } // 获取每个cpu的使用比例 - (NSArray *)getPerCPUUsage { processor_info_array_t _cpuInfo, _prevCPUInfo = nil; mach_msg_type_number_t _numCPUInfo, _numPrevCPUInfo = 0; unsigned _numCPUs; NSLock *_cpuUsageLock; int _mib[2U] = { CTL_HW, HW_NCPU }; size_t _sizeOfNumCPUs = sizeof(_numCPUs); int _status = sysctl(_mib, 2U, &_numCPUs, &_sizeOfNumCPUs, NULL, 0U); if (_status) _numCPUs = 1; _cpuUsageLock = [[NSLock alloc] init]; natural_t _numCPUsU = 0U; kern_return_t err = host_processor_info(mach_host_self(), PROCESSOR_CPU_LOAD_INFO, &_numCPUsU, &_cpuInfo, &_numCPUInfo); if (err == KERN_SUCCESS) { [_cpuUsageLock lock]; NSMutableArray *cpus = [NSMutableArray new]; for (unsigned i = 0U; i < _numCPUs; ++i) { Float32 _inUse, _total; if (_prevCPUInfo) { _inUse = ( (_cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_USER] - _prevCPUInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_USER]) + (_cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_SYSTEM] - _prevCPUInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_SYSTEM]) + (_cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_NICE] - _prevCPUInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_NICE]) ); _total = _inUse + (_cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_IDLE] - _prevCPUInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_IDLE]); } else { _inUse = _cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_USER] + _cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_SYSTEM] + _cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_NICE]; _total = _inUse + _cpuInfo[(CPU_STATE_MAX * i) + CPU_STATE_IDLE]; } [cpus addObject:@(_inUse / _total)]; } [_cpuUsageLock unlock]; if (_prevCPUInfo) { size_t prevCpuInfoSize = sizeof(integer_t) * _numPrevCPUInfo; vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)_prevCPUInfo, prevCpuInfoSize); } return cpus; } else { return nil; } } -
Disk磁盘空间
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// 获取磁盘总空间 - (int64_t)getTotalDiskSpace { NSError *error = nil; NSDictionary *attrs = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfFileSystemForPath:NSHomeDirectory() error:&error]; if (error) return -1; int64_t space = [[attrs objectForKey:NSFileSystemSize] longLongValue]; if (space < 0) space = -1; return space; } // 获取未使用的磁盘空间 - (int64_t)getFreeDiskSpace { NSError *error = nil; NSDictionary *attrs = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] attributesOfFileSystemForPath:NSHomeDirectory() error:&error]; if (error) return -1; int64_t space = [[attrs objectForKey:NSFileSystemFreeSize] longLongValue]; if (space < 0) space = -1; return space; } // 获取已使用的磁盘空间 - (int64_t)getUsedDiskSpace { int64_t totalDisk = [self getTotalDiskSpace]; int64_t freeDisk = [self getFreeDiskSpace]; if (totalDisk < 0 || freeDisk < 0) return -1; int64_t usedDisk = totalDisk - freeDisk; if (usedDisk < 0) usedDisk = -1; return usedDisk; } -
Memory内存相关数据
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// 系统总内存空间 - (int64_t)getTotalMemory { int64_t totalMemory = [[NSProcessInfo processInfo] physicalMemory]; if (totalMemory < -1) totalMemory = -1; return totalMemory; } // 活跃的内存,正在使用或者很短时间内被使用过 - (int64_t)getActiveMemory { mach_port_t host_port = mach_host_self(); mach_msg_type_number_t host_size = sizeof(vm_statistics_data_t) / sizeof(integer_t); vm_size_t page_size; vm_statistics_data_t vm_stat; kern_return_t kern; 5 kern = host_page_size(host_port, &page_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; kern = host_statistics(host_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stat, &host_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; return vm_stat.active_count * page_size; } // 最近使用过,但是目前处于不活跃状态的内存 - (int64_t)getInActiveMemory { mach_port_t host_port = mach_host_self(); mach_msg_type_number_t host_size = sizeof(vm_statistics_data_t) / sizeof(integer_t); vm_size_t page_size; vm_statistics_data_t vm_stat; kern_return_t kern; 5 kern = host_page_size(host_port, &page_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; kern = host_statistics(host_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stat, &host_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; return vm_stat.inactive_count * page_size; } // 空闲的内存空间 - (int64_t)getFreeMemory { mach_port_t host_port = mach_host_self(); mach_msg_type_number_t host_size = sizeof(vm_statistics_data_t) / sizeof(integer_t); vm_size_t page_size; vm_statistics_data_t vm_stat; kern_return_t kern; 5 kern = host_page_size(host_port, &page_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; kern = host_statistics(host_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stat, &host_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; return vm_stat.free_count * page_size; } // 已使用的内存空间 - (int64_t)getUsedMemory { mach_port_t host_port = mach_host_self(); mach_msg_type_number_t host_size = sizeof(vm_statistics_data_t) / sizeof(integer_t); vm_size_t page_size; vm_statistics_data_t vm_stat; kern_return_t kern; 5 kern = host_page_size(host_port, &page_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; kern = host_statistics(host_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stat, &host_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; return page_size * (vm_stat.active_count + vm_stat.inactive_count + vm_stat.wire_count); } // 用来存放内核和数据结构的内存,framework、用户级别的应用无法分配 - (int64_t)getWiredMemory { mach_port_t host_port = mach_host_self(); mach_msg_type_number_t host_size = sizeof(vm_statistics_data_t) / sizeof(integer_t); vm_size_t page_size; vm_statistics_data_t vm_stat; kern_return_t kern; 5 kern = host_page_size(host_port, &page_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; kern = host_statistics(host_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stat, &host_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; return vm_stat.wire_count * page_size; } // 可释放的内存空间：内存吃紧自动释放，针对大对象存放所需的大块内存空间 - (int64_t)getPurgableMemory { mach_port_t host_port = mach_host_self(); mach_msg_type_number_t host_size = sizeof(vm_statistics_data_t) / sizeof(integer_t); vm_size_t page_size; vm_statistics_data_t vm_stat; kern_return_t kern; 5 kern = host_page_size(host_port, &page_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; kern = host_statistics(host_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stat, &host_size); if (kern != KERN_SUCCESS) return -1; return vm_stat.purgeable_count * page_size; }
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