小甲鱼教学笔记——pickle：腌制+Exception：异常处理

pickle

• 将所有类型数据转化成二进制文件

存储

import pickle

my_list=[123,3.14,['anther list']]

pickle_file=open('my_list.pkl','wb')
pickle.dump(my_list,pickle_file)

pickle_file.close()

读取

pickle_file=open('my_list.pkl','rb')

my_list2=pickle.load(pickle_file)
print(my_list2)

[123, 3.14, ['anther list']]

Exception:

• AssertionError:断言为假时，抛出异常
• AttributeError:对象中没有这个成员函数
• IndexError:索引超出范围
• KeyError: 查找不存在的关键字
• SyntaxError: 语法错误
• TypeError:类型错误
• ZeroDivisionError:除数为0

mylist=['hhh']
assert len(mylist)>0

mylist.pop()

'hhh'

assert len(mylist)>0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AssertionError                            Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-14-9861f6d3a597> in <module>
----> 1 assert len(mylist)>0


AssertionError: 

mylist.fishc()

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-15-4984dcac7581> in <module>
----> 1 mylist.fishc()


AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'fishc'

mylist=[1,2,3]
mylist[3]

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IndexError                                Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-16-e6093086fa9c> in <module>
      1 mylist=[1,2,3]
----> 2 mylist[3]


IndexError: list index out of range

my_dict={'one':1,'two':2,'three':3}
my_dict['one']

1

my_dict['four']

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

KeyError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-18-c8be5b240d47> in <module>
----> 1 my_dict['four']


KeyError: 'four'

my_dict.get('four')#不会报错

print 'i love you'

  File "<ipython-input-20-c9252a42fe03>", line 1
    print 'i love you'
                     ^
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'. Did you mean print('i love you')?

1+'2'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-22-7e3aa5c4fbef> in <module>
----> 1 1+'2'


TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

5/0

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ZeroDivisionError                         Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-23-0106664d39e8> in <module>
----> 1 5/0


ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

异常处理：

• try-except:一旦出现异常，后面的语句将不会被执行
  

• try-finally:无论怎样都必定会执行的语句。
  

• raise：自己引发的异常

f=open('我是一个不存在的文件.txt')
print(f.read())
f.close()

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

FileNotFoundError                         Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-24-6b8f65d6cfaf> in <module>
----> 1 f=open('我是一个不存在的文件.txt')
      2 print(f.read())
      3 f.close()


FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '我是一个不存在的文件.txt'

try:
    f=open('我是一个不存在的文件.txt')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except OSError:
    print('文件出错啦')

文件出错啦

try:
    sum=1+'2'
    f=open('我是一个不存在的文件.txt')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except OSError as reason:
    print('文件出错啦\n错误的原因是：'+str(reason))

except TypeError as reason:
    print('类型出错啦\n错误的原因是：'+str(reason))

类型出错啦
错误的原因是：unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

try:
    int('abc')
    sum=1+'2'
    f=open('我是一个不存在的文件.txt')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except:
    print('出错啦')

出错啦

try:
    sum=1+'2'
    f=open('我是一个不存在的文件.txt')
    print(f.read())
    f.close()
except (OSError,TypeError):
    print('出错啦')

出错啦



---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NameError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-34-2946b391f382> in <module>
      6     print('出错啦')
      7 finally:
----> 8     f.close()


NameError: name 'f' is not defined

try:
    f=open('我是一个存在的文件.txt','w')
    print(f.write('我存在了'))
except (OSError,TypeError):
    print('出错啦')
finally:
    f.close()

4

raise

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RuntimeError                              Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-38-9c9a2cba73bf> in <module>
----> 1 raise


RuntimeError: No active exception to reraise

raise ZeroDivisionError('除数为0的异常')

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ZeroDivisionError                         Traceback (most recent call last)

<ipython-input-40-bec5ebf736a5> in <module>
----> 1 raise ZeroDivisionError('除数为0的异常')


ZeroDivisionError: 除数为0的异常