OpenCV__Python 物体检测_教程24

1、方法一、先计算轮廓

本人对该方法，基于轮廓计算的实用性表示怀疑，哈哈。

（1）先灰度化

（2）阈值分割

（3）找到轮廓

（4）计算获取面积，宽高比，外接矩，中心点

#引入opencv模块
import cv2 as cv
#引入numpy模块
import numpy as np
#引入sys模块
import sys


#measure
def measure_object(img):
    #（1）灰度化，阈值分割,注意，黑色里面找白色，所以THRESH_BINARY_INV取反了下
    gray = cv.cvtColor(img,cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    ret,binary = cv.threshold(gray,0,255,cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV|cv.THRESH_OTSU)  
    print("threshold value: %s"%(ret)) #分割的阈值
    cv.namedWindow("binary_image",cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("binary_image",binary)

    #(2)获取最外层轮廓
    contours,heriachy = cv.findContours(binary,cv.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE) 
    #(3)计算获取面积，宽高比，外接矩，中心点
    for i,contour in enumerate(contours):
        area = cv.contourArea(contour)
        print("contour: %s ,area: %s"%(i,area))
        x,y,w,h = cv.boundingRect(contour)
        rate = min(w,h)/max(w,h)
        print("rectangle rate: %s"%(rate))
        mm = cv.moments(contour)
        #print(type(mm))
        cx = mm['m10']/mm['m00']
        cy = mm['m01']/mm['m00']
        cv.circle(img,(np.int(cx),np.int(cy)),3,(0,255,255),-1)
        cv.rectangle(img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(0,0,255,2))
    cv.namedWindow("measure_contours",cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)   
    cv.imshow("measure_contours",img)
    

def img_test():
    img = cv.imread('E:/chenopencvblogimg/measure.jpg')
    #判断是否读取成功
    if img is None:
        print("Could not read the image,may be path error")
        return
    cv.namedWindow("origin Pic",cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("origin Pic",img)
    measure_object(img)
    
    #让显示等待键盘输入维持在那里，否则程序跑完就闪退啦！
    cv.waitKey(0)
    #销毁窗口
    cv.destroyAllWindows()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(img_test() or 0)

 

2、多边形拟合，判断三角形，矩形和圆形

 

#引入opencv模块
import cv2 as cv
#引入numpy模块
import numpy as np
#引入sys模块
import sys


#approxCurve
def approxCurve_test(img):
    #（1）灰度化，阈值分割,注意，黑色里面找白色
    gray = cv.cvtColor(img,cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    ret,binary = cv.threshold(gray,0,255,cv.THRESH_BINARY|cv.THRESH_OTSU)  
    print("threshold value: %s"%(ret)) #分割的阈值
    cv.namedWindow("binary_image",cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("binary_image",binary)

    #绘图用
    dst = cv.cvtColor(gray,cv.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)

    #(2)获取最外层轮廓
    contours,heriachy = cv.findContours(binary,cv.RETR_EXTERNAL,cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE) 
    #(3)计算获取面积，宽高比，外接矩，中心点
    for i,contour in enumerate(contours):
        approxCurve = cv.approxPolyDP(contour,4,True)
        #print(i)   
        print(approxCurve.shape)
        #需要很多条边去拟合，比如圆形
        if approxCurve.shape[0]>6:
            cv.drawContours(dst,contours,i,(255,255,0),4)
        #需要4边去拟合，比如矩形            
        if approxCurve.shape[0]==4:
            cv.drawContours(dst,contours,i,(0,255,255),4)
        #需要3边去拟合，比如三角形            
        if approxCurve.shape[0]==3:
            cv.drawContours(dst,contours,i,(0,0,255),4)                         
    cv.namedWindow("approxCurve_test",cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)   
    cv.imshow("approxCurve_test",dst)
    

def img_test():
    img = cv.imread('E:/chenopencvblogimg/measure2.jpg')
    #判断是否读取成功
    if img is None:
        print("Could not read the image,may be path error")
        return
    cv.namedWindow("origin Pic",cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv.imshow("origin Pic",img)
    approxCurve_test(img)
    
    #让显示等待键盘输入维持在那里，否则程序跑完就闪退啦！
    cv.waitKey(0)
    #销毁窗口
    cv.destroyAllWindows()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.exit(img_test() or 0)