AI模型推理（5）——实战篇（基础）

chenxy02

已于 2023-12-13 10:15:59 修改

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分类专栏： AI模型推理文章标签：人工智能

于 2023-11-28 22:43:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/chenxy02/article/details/134586068

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前言

本文主要通过实战的方式，记录各种模型推理的方法

模型训练

首先我们先使用Pytorch训练一个最简单的十分类神经网络，如下：

import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision import datasets
from torchvision.transforms import ToTensor

# 加载训练数据
training_data = datasets.FashionMNIST(
    root=r"./Datasets/",
    train=True,
    download=True,
    transform=ToTensor(),
)

# 加载验证数据
test_data = datasets.FashionMNIST(
    root=r"./Datasets/",
    train=False,
    download=True,
    transform=ToTensor(),
)

# Create data loaders.
batch_size = 16
train_dataloader = DataLoader(training_data, batch_size=batch_size)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(test_data, batch_size=batch_size)

# Get cpu or gpu device for training.
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
print(f"Using {device} device")

# 定义神经网络模型
class NeuralNetwork(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.flatten = nn.Flatten()
        self.linear_relu_stack = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(28*28, 512),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(512, 512),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Linear(512, 10)
        )

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.flatten(x)
        logits = self.linear_relu_stack(x)
        return logits

model = NeuralNetwork().to(device)
# print(model)

# 定义损失函数，优化器
loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3)

# 定义训练过程
def train(dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)
    model.train()
    for batch, (X, y) in enumerate(dataloader):
        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)

        # Compute prediction error
        pred = model(X)
        loss = loss_fn(pred, y)

        # Backpropagation
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

        if batch % 100 == 0:
            loss, current = loss.item(), batch * len(X)
            print(f"loss: {loss:>7f}  [{current:>5d}/{size:>5d}]")
            
# 定义验证方法（在验证数据集中进行验证）
def test(dataloader, model, loss_fn):
    size = len(dataloader.dataset)
    num_batches = len(dataloader)
    model.eval()
    test_loss, correct = 0, 0
    with torch.no_grad():
        for X, y in dataloader:
            X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)
            pred = model(X)
            test_loss += loss_fn(pred, y).item()
            correct += (pred.argmax(1) == y).type(torch.float).sum().item()
    test_loss /= num_batches
    correct /= size
    print(f"Test: \n Accuracy: {(100*correct):>0.1f}%, Avg loss: {test_loss:>8f} \n")
    
epochs = 100
for t in range(epochs):
    print(f"Epoch {t+1}\n-------------------------------")
    train(train_dataloader, model, loss_fn, optimizer)
    test(test_dataloader, model, loss_fn)
print("Done!")

模型推理

常规Pytorch模型

Pytorch官方入门文档所给出的模型持久化及加载方法，使用torch.save()方法对模型进行持久化，所保存的模型为动态图模型。如下：

# (需承接上面的训练代码，才可正常运行)
# 保存模型
model_path = "./model"
if not os.path.isdir(model_path):
    os.makedirs(model_path)

torch.save(model.state_dict(), os.path.join(model_path, 'model.pth'))
print("Saved PyTorch Model State to model.pth")


# 加载模型进行推理
model = NeuralNetwork()
model.load_state_dict(torch.load("./model/model.pth"))

classes = [
    "T-shirt/top",
    "Trouser",
    "Pullover",
    "Dress",
    "Coat",
    "Sandal",
    "Shirt",
    "Sneaker",
    "Bag",
    "Ankle boot",
]

model.eval()
x, y = test_data[0][0], test_data[0][1]
with torch.no_grad():
    pred = model(x)
    predicted, actual = classes[pred[0].argmax(0)], classes[y]
    print(f'Predicted: "{predicted}", Actual: "{actual}"')

TorchScript

TorchScript是一种从PyTorch代码创建可序列化和可优化模型的方法，是一种静态图模型。TorchScript模型可以从Python进程中保存，并加载到没有Python依赖的进程中（比如说 C++环境）。使用方法如下：

/* 保存模型 */
# 通过trace的方法生成IR需要一个输入样例 
dummy_input = torch.rand(1, 1, 28, 28) 
 
# IR生成 
with torch.no_grad(): 
    jit_model = torch.jit.trace(model, dummy_input) 
    
# 将模型序列化 
jit_model.save('./model/jit_model.pt') 



/* 加载、推理模型 */
# 加载序列化后的模型 
jit_model = torch.jit.load('./model/jit_model.pt') 

x, y = test_data[0][0], test_data[0][1]
start_time = time.time()
pred = jit_model.forward(x)
print(f"spend time: {time.time()-start_time}")
print(pred[0].argmax(0))

ONNX

开放神经网络交换（Open Neural Network Exchange），简称ONNX。是微软和Facebook提出用来表示深度学习模型的开放格式。所谓开放就是ONNX定义了一组和环境，平台均无关的标准格式，来增强各种AI模型的可交互性。

目前，工业上使用Onnx的意义，往往是作为模型适配推理引擎的一种手段，如先把Pytorch模型转为Onnx，再到TensorRT上完成部署。

以下为得到一个超分辨率 Onnx模型的代码示范：

'''
得到一个超分辨率模型，由常规Pytorch模型转化为Onnx模型
'''
import os 
import cv2 
import numpy as np 
import requests 
import torch 
import torch.onnx 
from torch import nn 
 
# 定义    
class SuperResolutionNet(nn.Module): 
    def __init__(self, upscale_factor): 
        super().__init__() 
        self.upscale_factor = upscale_factor 
        self.img_upsampler = nn.Upsample( 
            scale_factor=self.upscale_factor, 
            mode='bicubic', 
            align_corners=False) 
 
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3,64,kernel_size=9,padding=4) 
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(64,32,kernel_size=1,padding=0) 
        self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(32,3,kernel_size=5,padding=2) 
 
        self.relu = nn.ReLU() 
 
    def forward(self, x): 
        x = self.img_upsampler(x) 
        out = self.relu(self.conv1(x)) 
        out = self.relu(self.conv2(out)) 
        out = self.conv3(out) 
        return out 
 
# Download checkpoint and test image (下载模型文件和测试图片)
urls = ['https://download.openmmlab.com/mmediting/restorers/srcnn/srcnn_x4k915_1x16_1000k_div2k_20200608-4186f232.pth', 
    'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmediting/master/tests/data/face/000001.png'] 
names = ['srcnn.pth', 'face.png'] 
for url, name in zip(urls, names): 
    if not os.path.exists(name): 
        open(name, 'wb').write(requests.get(url).content) 
 
def init_torch_model(): 
    torch_model = SuperResolutionNet(upscale_factor=3) 
 
    state_dict = torch.load('srcnn.pth')['state_dict'] 
 
    # Adapt the checkpoint 
    for old_key in list(state_dict.keys()): 
        new_key = '.'.join(old_key.split('.')[1:]) 
        state_dict[new_key] = state_dict.pop(old_key) 
 
    torch_model.load_state_dict(state_dict) 
    torch_model.eval() 
    return torch_model 
 
model = init_torch_model() 
input_img = cv2.imread('face.png').astype(np.float32) 
 
# HWC to NCHW 
input_img = np.transpose(input_img, [2, 0, 1]) 
input_img = np.expand_dims(input_img, 0) 
 
# Inference 
torch_output = model(torch.from_numpy(input_img)).detach().numpy() 
 
# NCHW to HWC 
torch_output = np.squeeze(torch_output, 0) 
torch_output = np.clip(torch_output, 0, 255) 
torch_output = np.transpose(torch_output, [1, 2, 0]).astype(np.uint8) 
 
# Show image 
cv2.imwrite("face_torch.png", torch_output)


# 通过 torch.onnx.export()转为Onnx格式的模型文件
x = torch.randn(1, 3, 256, 256)
with torch.no_grad():
    torch.onnx.export(
        model,
        x,
        "srcnn.onnx",
        opset_version=11,
        input_names=['input'],
        output_names=['output'])

# 检查Onnx模型文件
import onnx
onnx_model = onnx.load("srcnn.onnx")
try:
    onnx.checker.check_model(onnx_model)
except Exception:
    print("Model incorrect")
else:
    print("Model correct")
    
# 加载及使用Onnx模型
import onnxruntime

ort_session = onnxruntime.InferenceSession("srcnn.onnx")
ort_inputs = {'input': input_img}
ort_output = ort_session.run(['output'], ort_inputs)[0]

ort_output = np.squeeze(ort_output, 0)
ort_output = np.clip(ort_output, 0, 255) 
ort_output = np.transpose(ort_output, [1, 2, 0]).astype(np.uint8) 
cv2.imwrite("face_ort.png", ort_output)