11. Existence of the Integral

本节讨论了积分存在的一个充要条件，即Theorem 11.2，不连续点的测度为0是积分存在的充要条件，为此Theorem 11.1首先定义了零测度，并给出了一些有用的关于零测度的结论。Theorem 11.3是主要定理的一个直接应用，讨论$f$ vanished except on a set of measure zero 和${\int }_{Q}f$之间的关系。

Exercises

Exercise 1. Show that if $A$ has measure zero in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$, the sets $\overline{A}$ and $\text{Bd }A$ need not have measure zero
Solution: Let A = { ( q 1 , q 2 , … , q n ) : q i ∈ Q ∩ [ 0 , 1 ] } A=\{(q_1,q_2,\dots,q_n):q_i\in Q\cap [0,1]\} A={ (q1​,q2​,…,qn​):qi​∈Q∩[0,1]}, then $A$ has measure zero in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$, while $\overline{A}=\text{Bd }A=[0,1]\times \cdots \times [0,1]$, which is a rectangle in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$.

Exercise 2. Show that no open set in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$ has measure zero in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$.
Solution: For $A$ in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$ which is open, choose $\mathbf{a}\in A$, then there is arectangle $Q$ which centered in $\mathbf{a}$ such that $Q\subset A$, since $0<v(Q)\le v(A)$ the conclusion follows.

Exercise 3. Show that the set ${\mathbf{R}}^{n-1}\times 0$ has measure zero in ${\mathbf{R}}^n$.
Solution: It suffice to show the set $A=[0,1]\times \cdots \times [0,1]\times 0$ has measure zero, and the conclusion follows from Theorem 11.1(b). Given $ϵ>0$, let $Q=[0,1]\times \cdots \times [0,1]\times [-ϵ/4,ϵ/4]$, then $Q$ covers the $A$ and $v(Q)=ϵ/2<ϵ$.

Exercise 4. Show that the set of irrationals in $[0,1]$ does not have measure zero in $\mathbf{R}$.
Solution: We already know the set of rationals in $[0,1]$ has measure zero in R \mathbf{R}