Modular Exponentiation

最新推荐文章于 2019-06-25 16:04:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2019-06-25 16:04:26 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/codeswarrior/article/details/79851306

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Modular Exponentiation

The following problem is well-known: given integers n and m, calculate

$\text{[math]}$ ,

where 2ⁿ = 2·2·...·2 (n factors), and $\text{[math]}$ denotes the remainder of division of x by y.

You are asked to solve the "reverse" problem. Given integers n and m, calculate

$\text{[math]}$ .

Input

The first line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10⁸).

The second line contains a single integer m (1 ≤ m ≤ 10⁸).

Output

Output a single integer — the value of $\text{[math]}$ .

Examples

Input

4
42

Output

Input

1
58

Output

Input

98765432
23456789

Output

23456789

Note

In the first example, the remainder of division of 42 by 2⁴ = 16 is equal to 10.

In the second example, 58 is divisible by 2¹ = 2 without remainder, and the answer is 0.

这个题如果2^n大于m就停止，输出m，否则输出m%2^n，本来这个过程想用快速幂写，结果不知道为什么老是运行时错误，后来发现因为不会2^n不会超过1e8所以直接暴力乘就可以

code：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
int n,m;
int main(){
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    ll ans = 1LL;
    int flag = 1;
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
        ans *= 2LL;
        if(ans > m){
            flag = 0;
            break;
        }
    }
    if(!flag) printf("%d\n",m);
    else printf("%d\n",m%ans);
    return 0;
}