提取图像中的高频信息

1. 傅里叶变换提取高频和低频【有损】

• 环境：集群210.30.98.11
• 效果:
  

2. 傅里叶变换提取振幅和相位【无损】

• 环境：集群210.30.98.11
• 效果:
  

3. 小波变换【不涉及恢复代码】

• 环境：集群210.30.98.11
• 效果:
  

---

代码1.

import torchvision.transforms as T
from PIL import Image
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os

# 提取频率分量的函数（从前述代码中复用）
def extract_frequency_components(image, cutoff_ratio=0):
    image = image.float()
    C, H, W = image.shape
    fft_image = torch.fft.fftshift(torch.fft.fft2(image, dim=(-2, -1)), dim=(-2, -1))
    center_x, center_y = H // 2, W // 2
    cutoff_x, cutoff_y = int(cutoff_ratio * H), int(cutoff_ratio * W)
    mask = torch.zeros_like(fft_image)
    mask[:, center_x - cutoff_x:center_x + cutoff_x, center_y - cutoff_y:center_y + cutoff_y] = 1
    low_freq_fft = fft_image * mask
    high_freq_fft = fft_image * (1 - mask)
    low_freq = torch.abs(torch.fft.ifft2(torch.fft.ifftshift(low_freq_fft, dim=(-2, -1)), dim=(-2, -1)))
    high_freq = torch.abs(torch.fft.ifft2(torch.fft.ifftshift(high_freq_fft, dim=(-2, -1)), dim=(-2, -1)))
    return low_freq, high_freq

# 从频率分量恢复图像
def recover_image(low_freq, high_freq):
    return low_freq + high_freq

# 保存张量图像为文件（原函数保留，可能后续还有单独保存单张图需求）
def save_image(tensor_image, output_path):
    tensor_image = tensor_image.clamp(0, 1)  # 确保像素值在 [0, 1] 范围内
    to_pil = T.ToPILImage()
    pil_image = to_pil(tensor_image)
    pil_image.save(output_path)

# 主函数，修改这里实现四张图拼成一张图并保存
def process_and_save_images(image_path, output_dir, cutoff_ratio=0.1):
    # 创建输出目录
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    # 加载和预处理图像
    image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
    transform = T.Compose([
        T.Resize((256, 256)),
        T.ToTensor()
    ])
    image_tensor = transform(image)  # 形状 (C, H, W)

    # 提取频率分量
    low_freq, high_freq = extract_frequency_components(image_tensor, cutoff_ratio)

    # 恢复图像
    recovered_image = recover_image(low_freq, high_freq)

    # 将张量转换为适合显示的格式（numpy数组）并调整维度顺序等
    original_image_np = image_tensor.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
    low_freq_np = low_freq.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
    high_freq_np = high_freq.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
    recovered_image_np = recovered_image.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()

    # 创建一个2x2的子图布局
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(8, 8))
    # 在子图中绘制原始图像
    axes[0, 0].imshow(original_image_np)
    axes[0, 0].set_title('Original Image')
    axes[0, 0].axis('off')
    # 在子图中绘制低频图像
    axes[0, 1].imshow(low_freq_np)
    axes[0, 1].set_title('Low Frequency Image')
    axes[0, 1].axis('off')
    # 在子图中绘制高频图像
    axes[1, 0].imshow(high_freq_np)
    axes[1, 0].set_title('High Frequency Image')
    axes[1, 0].axis('off')
    # 在子图中绘制恢复后的图像
    axes[1, 1].imshow(recovered_image_np)
    axes[1, 1].set_title('Recovered Image')
    axes[1, 1].axis('off')

    # 调整子图之间的间距等布局参数
    plt.tight_layout()
    # 保存拼接后的图像
    combined_image_path = os.path.join(output_dir, "combined_images2.png")
    plt.savefig(combined_image_path)
    plt.close(fig)

    print(f"Processed images saved to {output_dir}")

# 示例调用
image_path = "lena.png"  # 替换为你的图像路径
output_dir = "output_images"  # 替换为输出目录
process_and_save_images(image_path, output_dir, cutoff_ratio=0.1)

---

代码2

import torchvision.transforms as T
from PIL import Image
import torch
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os


def extract_frequency_components(image):
    fft_image = torch.fft.fftn(image, dim=(-2, -1))
    fft_shifted = torch.fft.fftshift(fft_image)
    magnitude = torch.abs(fft_shifted)
    phase = torch.angle(fft_shifted)

    return magnitude, phase


def recover_image(magnitude, phase):
    real = magnitude * torch.cos(phase)
    imag = magnitude * torch.sin(phase)
    complex_freq = torch.complex(real, imag)
    complex_freq_shifted = torch.fft.ifftshift(complex_freq)
    recovered_image = torch.fft.ifftn(complex_freq_shifted, dim=(-2, -1))

    return recovered_image.real


# 保存张量图像为文件
def save_image(tensor_image, output_path):
    tensor_image = tensor_image.clamp(0, 1)  # 确保像素值在 [0, 1] 范围内
    to_pil = T.ToPILImage()
    pil_image = to_pil(tensor_image)
    pil_image.save(output_path)


# 主函数，修改此处实现四张图拼成一张图并保存
def process_and_save_images(image_path, output_dir, cutoff_ratio=0.1):
    # 创建输出目录
    os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)

    # 加载和预处理图像
    image = Image.open(image_path).convert('RGB')
    transform = T.Compose([
        T.Resize((256, 256)),
        T.ToTensor()
    ])
    image_tensor = transform(image)  # 形状 (C, H, W)

    # 提取频率分量
    low_freq, high_freq = extract_frequency_components(image_tensor)

    # 恢复图像
    recovered_image = recover_image(low_freq, high_freq)

    # 将张量转换为适合显示的格式（numpy数组）并调整维度顺序等
    original_image_np = image_tensor.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
    low_freq_np = low_freq.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
    high_freq_np = high_freq.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()
    recovered_image_np = recovered_image.permute(1, 2, 0).numpy()

    # 创建一个2x2的子图布局
    fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(8, 8))
    # 在子图中绘制原始图像
    axes[0, 0].imshow(original_image_np)
    axes[0, 0].set_title('Original Image')
    axes[0, 0].axis('off')
    # 在子图中绘制低频图像
    axes[0, 1].imshow(low_freq_np)
    axes[0, 1].set_title('Low Frequency Image')
    axes[0, 1].axis('off')
    # 在子图中绘制高频图像
    axes[1, 0].imshow(high_freq_np)
    axes[1, 0].set_title('High Frequency Image')
    axes[1, 0].axis('off')
    # 在子图中绘制恢复后的图像
    axes[1, 1].imshow(recovered_image_np)
    axes[1, 1].set_title('Recovered Image')
    axes[1, 1].axis('off')

    # 调整子图之间的间距等布局参数
    plt.tight_layout()
    # 保存拼接后的图像
    combined_image_path = os.path.join(output_dir, "combined_images3.png")
    plt.savefig(combined_image_path)
    plt.close(fig)

    print(f"Processed images saved to {output_dir}")


# 示例调用
image_path = "lena.png"  # 替换为你的图像路径
output_dir = "output_images"  # 替换为输出目录
process_and_save_images(image_path, output_dir, cutoff_ratio=0.1)片

代码3

import torch
import torchvision.transforms as T
import pywt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
from PIL import Image

# 确保输出文件夹存在，如果不存在则创建（用于保存最终合成的图片）
output_folder = "wavelet_images"
os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True)

# 加载彩色图像（替换为你实际的图像路径）
image = Image.open('lena.png').convert('RGB')
# 使用torchvision将图像转换为张量，并进行归一化（这里简单归一化到0-1范围，可根据实际调整）
transform = T.Compose([T.ToTensor()])
image_tensor = transform(image)

# 获取图像的通道数（RGB图像通道数为3）
num_channels = image_tensor.shape[0]

# 选择小波基（同样以 'db4' 为例）
wavelet = 'db4'

# 计算每行子图的数量（这里假设每行展示3个通道的同类型分量，共4种分量，所以每行12个子图）
subplots_per_row = 4
total_subplots = num_channels * 4

# 计算子图布局的行数和列数
num_rows = num_channels
num_cols = 4
print(f"num_rows: {num_rows}, num_cols: {num_cols}")  # 打印行数和列数查看

# 创建一个合适的子图布局（根据通道数和分量数确定行数和列数）
fig, axes = plt.subplots(num_rows, num_cols, figsize=(16, num_rows * 4))
print(f"axes shape: {axes.shape}")  # 打印axes的维度结构查看

# 索引用于遍历子图坐标轴对象数组
subplot_index = 0

for channel in range(num_channels):
    # 获取当前通道的图像数据，将张量维度调整为 (height, width)，符合pywt的输入要求
    channel_image = image_tensor[channel, :, :].numpy()
    coeffs = pywt.dwt2(channel_image, wavelet)
    cA, (cH, cV, cD) = coeffs

    # 对每个通道的各个分量进行格式调整以便正确显示，将数据转换为torch张量，并归一化到0-1范围
    cA_tensor = torch.from_numpy(cA).float() / 255.0
    cH_tensor = torch.from_numpy(cH).float() / 255.0
    cV_tensor = torch.from_numpy(cV).float() / 255.0
    cD_tensor = torch.from_numpy(cD).float() / 255.0

    # 根据axes的实际维度结构调整索引方式
    if num_rows == 1:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index % num_cols]
    else:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index // num_cols, subplot_index % num_cols]

    # 在对应的子图中绘制该通道的低频分量（LL）
    current_axis.imshow(cA_tensor.numpy(), cmap='gray')
    current_axis.set_title(
        f"Channel {channel} - (LL)")#Low Frequency Component 
    current_axis.axis('off')
    subplot_index += 1

    # 在对应的子图中绘制该通道的水平高频分量（HL）
    current_axis = None
    if num_rows == 1:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index % num_cols]
    else:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index // num_cols, subplot_index % num_cols]
    current_axis.imshow(cH_tensor.numpy(), cmap='gray')
    current_axis.set_title(
        f"Channel {channel} - (HL)") #Horizontal High Frequency Component 
    current_axis.axis('off')
    subplot_index += 1

    # 在对应的子图中绘制该通道的垂直高频分量（LH）
    current_axis = None
    if num_rows == 1:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index % num_cols]
    else:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index // num_cols, subplot_index % num_cols]
    current_axis.imshow(cV_tensor.numpy(), cmap='gray')
    current_axis.set_title(
        f"Channel {channel} - (LH)") #Vertical High Frequency Component 
    current_axis.axis('off')
    subplot_index += 1

    # 在对应的子图中绘制该通道的对角高频分量（HH）
    current_axis = None
    if num_rows == 1:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index % num_cols]
    else:
        current_axis = axes[subplot_index // num_cols, subplot_index % num_cols]
    current_axis.imshow(cD_tensor.numpy(), cmap='gray')
    current_axis.set_title(
        f"Channel {channel} - (HH)") #Diagonal High Frequency Component 
    current_axis.axis('off')
    subplot_index += 1

# 调整子图之间的间距等布局参数
plt.tight_layout()

# 保存拼接后的图像到指定文件夹下，命名为wavelet_decomposition_color.png
output_path = os.path.join(output_folder, "wavelet_decomposition_color.png")
plt.savefig(output_path)

# 关闭图像显示（避免显示多余的图像窗口等情况）
plt.close(fig)