Python矩阵/向量运算：转置，求逆，svd分解，余弦相似度

矩阵转置np.transpose(a)

import numpy as np
a= [0.26,0,0.52,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
np.transpose(a)
np.shape(np.transpose(a))

矩阵求逆 S**-1

S = np.mat([[2.59,0],
            [0,2.34]])
print(S**-1)

奇异值分解 SVD

import numpy as np

A= np.mat([[1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1],
    [0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0],
    [0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0],
    [1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0],
    [0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1]])

U,S,V = np.linalg.svd(A)


print(U)
print(S)
print(V)

如果此时我们保存两个特征值，那么取U的前两列，V的前两行，将S扩充为对角矩阵即可。

余弦相似度

import numpy as np


def cos_sim(vector_a, vector_b):
    """
    计算两个向量之间的余弦相似度
    :param vector_a: 向量 a 
    :param vector_b: 向量 b
    :return: sim
    """
    vector_a = np.mat(vector_a)
    vector_b = np.mat(vector_b)
    num = float(vector_a * vector_b.T)
    denom = np.linalg.norm(vector_a) * np.linalg.norm(vector_b)
    cos = num / denom
    sim = 0.5 + 0.5 * cos
    return sim