自动创建设备节点——led,蜂鸣器,风扇驱动

本文介绍了一种字符设备驱动的实现方式,包括LED、蜂鸣器和按键的驱动程序编写过程。通过对寄存器的直接操作实现了对硬件的控制,并通过 ioctl 函数提供了灵活的功能选择。

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原理图

在这里插入图片描述

运用的函数

struct class *class_create(struct module *owner, const char *name)
--------------------->向上提交目录

struct device *device_create(struct class *class, struct device *parent,dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, …)
---------------------------->提交节点信息

void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)
---------------------->销毁节点

void class_destroy(struct class *cls)
------------------->销毁目录

ioctl函数
int ioctl(int fd, unsigned long request, …);
long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);

代码

myled

myled.c

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include"myled.h"
#define CNAME  "mycdev"

int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
gpio_t *vir_led1;
gpio_t *vir_led2;
gpio_t *vir_led3;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;

struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;
//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
      return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    //size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
     
       return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }

    /*
    if(kbuf[0]=='1')//开灯
        vir_led1->ODR |= (1<<10);
    else if(kbuf[0]=='2')
        vir_led2->ODR |= (1 << 10);
    else if(kbuf[0]=='3')
       vir_led3->ODR |= (1 << 8);
    else//关灯
    {
        vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1<<10);
        vir_led2->ODR&= ~(1 << 10);
       vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1 << 8);
    }*/
       return size;
}


//
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
    int ret,which;
    switch(cmd)
    {
        case ANYON:
            ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
            if(ret)
            {
                printk("用户拷贝给内核数据失败\n");
                return -EIO;
            }
            switch (which)
            {
                case LED1:
                    vir_led1->ODR |= (1<<10);
                    break;
                case LED2:
                    vir_led2->ODR |= (1<<10);
                    break;
                case LED3:
                    vir_led3->ODR |= (1<<8);
                    break;
                case 4:
                    break;
                case 5:
                    break;
                default:
                    printk("功能码错误3\n");
                    break;
            }
            break;

        case ANYOFF:
            ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
            if(ret)
            {
                printk("用户拷贝给内核数据失败\n");
                return -EIO;
            }
            switch (which)
            {
                case LED1:
                    vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1<<10);
                    break;
                case LED2:
                    vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1<<10);
                    break;
                case LED3:
                    vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1<<8);
                    break;
                case 4:
                    break;
                case 5:
                    break;
                default:
                    printk("功能码错误2\n");
                    break;
            }
            break;
            
            default:
                    printk("功能码错误1\n");
                    break;            
    }
    return 0;
 }

//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
       return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
    .open=mycdev_open,
    .read=mycdev_read,
    .write=mycdev_write,
    .unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
    .release=mycdev_close,
};
int all_led_init(void)
{
    //进行物理地址的映射
    vir_led1=ioremap(PHY_LED1_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led1==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led1 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led1 映射成功\n");
   vir_led2=ioremap(PHY_LED2_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led2==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led2 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led2 映射成功\n");
    vir_led3=ioremap(PHY_LED3_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_led3==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_led3 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_led3 映射成功\n");
    vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
    if(vir_rcc==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_rcc_led 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_rcc_led 映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    //led1
    vir_led1->MODER &= ~(3<<20);
    vir_led1->MODER |= (1<<20);
    vir_led1->ODR &= ~(1<<10);

    //led2
    vir_led2->MODER &= ~(3<<20);
    vir_led2->MODER |= (1<<20);
    vir_led2->ODR &= ~(1<<10);

    //led3
   vir_led3->MODER &= ~(3<<16);
    vir_led3->MODER |= (1<<16);
    vir_led3->ODR &= ~(1<<8);

    (*vir_rcc) |= (3<<4);
    return 0;
}
//入口函数,当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
    
    //动态注册字符设备驱动
    major=register_chrdev(0,CNAME,&fops);
    if(major<0)
    {
        printk("LED字符设备驱动注册失败\n");
        return major;
    }
    printk("LED字符设备驱动注册成功major=%d\n",major);
    //向上提交节点目录
    cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"LED");
    if(IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("向上提交LED节点目录失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(cls);
    }
    printk("向上提交LED节点目录成功\n");
    
    //创建设备节点
    dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"myled");
    if(IS_ERR(dev))
    {
        printk("创建LED设备节点失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(dev);
    }
    printk("创建LED设备节点成功\n");

    //寄存器的初始化
    all_led_init();
   
    return 0;
}

//出口函数,卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
    //销毁节点
    device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,0));
    //销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
    //取消映射
    iounmap(vir_led1);
    iounmap(vir_led2);
    iounmap(vir_led3);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);

    //注销字符设备驱动
    unregister_chrdev(major,CNAME);
   
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

myled.h

#ifndef __MYLED_H__
#define __MYLED_H__

typedef struct{
    volatile unsigned int MODER;
    volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
    volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
    volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
    volatile unsigned int IDR;
    volatile unsigned int ODR;
    volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t;
#define PHY_LED1_ADDR 0X50006000
#define PHY_LED2_ADDR 0X50007000
#define PHY_LED3_ADDR   0X50006000
#define PHY_RCC_ADDR  0X50000A28 
enum LED
{
    LED1=1,
    LED2,
    LED3
};

#define ANYON _IOW('a',1,int)
#define ANYOFF _IOW('a',0,int)
#endif

myfen

myfen.c

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include"myfen.h"
#define CNAME  "mycdev"

int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
//定义buzzer虚拟地址
gpio_t *vir_fen;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;

struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;

//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
      return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    //size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
     
    return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }

    return size;
}


//
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
    int ret,which;
    switch(cmd)
    {
        case ANYON:
            ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
            if(ret)
            {
                printk("用户拷贝给内核数据失败\n");
                return -EIO;
            }
            switch (which)
            {
                case 1:
                    break;
                case 2:
                    break;
                case 3:
                    break;
                case 4:
                    break;
                case FEN:
                    vir_fen->ODR |= (1<<9);
                    break;

                default:
                    printk("功能码错误7\n");
                    break;
            }
            break;

        case ANYOFF:
            ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
            if(ret)
            {
                printk("用户拷贝给内核数据失败\n");
                return -EIO;
            }
            switch (which)
            {
                case 1:
                    break;
                case 2:
                    break;
                case 3:
                    break;
                case 4:
                    break;
                case FEN:
                    vir_fen->ODR &= ~(1<<9);
                    break;

                default:
                    printk("功能码错误8\n");
                    break;
            }
            break;
            
            default:
                    printk("功能码错误9\n");
                    break;            
    }
    return 0;
 }

//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
       return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
    .open=mycdev_open,
    .read=mycdev_read,
    .write=mycdev_write,
    .unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
    .release=mycdev_close,
};
int fen_init(void)
{
    //进行物理地址的映射
    vir_fen=ioremap(PHY_FEN_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_fen==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_fen 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_fen 映射成功\n");

    vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
    if(vir_rcc==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_fen_rcc 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_fen_rcc 映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    //fen
    vir_fen->MODER &= ~(3<<18);
    vir_fen->MODER |= (1<<18);
    vir_fen->ODR &= ~(1<<9);

    //fen
    (*vir_rcc) |= (1<<4);
    return 0;
}
//入口函数,当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
    
    //动态注册字符设备驱动
    major=register_chrdev(0,CNAME,&fops);
    if(major<0)
    {
        printk("字符设备__FEN-驱动 注册失败\n");
        return major;
    }
    printk("字符设备__FEN-驱动 注册成功major=%d\n",major);
    //向上提交节点目录
    cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"FEN");
    if(IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("FEN向上提交节点目录失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(cls);
    }
    printk("FEN向上提交节点目录成功\n");
    
    //创建设备节点
    dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"myfen");
    if(IS_ERR(dev))
    {
        printk("myfen创建设备节点失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(dev);
    }
    printk("myfen创建设备节点成功\n");

    //寄存器的初始化
    fen_init();
   
    return 0;
}

//出口函数,卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
    //销毁节点
    device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,0));
    //销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
    //取消映射
    iounmap(vir_fen);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);

    //注销字符设备驱动
    unregister_chrdev(major,CNAME);
   
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");


myfen.h

#ifndef __MYFEN_H__
#define __MYFEN_H__

//FEN---->gpioe 9 PE9

typedef struct{
    volatile unsigned int MODER;
    volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
    volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
    volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
    volatile unsigned int IDR;
    volatile unsigned int ODR;
    volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t;
#define PHY_FEN_ADDR 0X50006000

#define PHY_RCC_ADDR  0X50000A28 
enum DEVICE
{
    FEN=5
};

#define ANYON _IOW('a',1,int)
#define ANYOFF _IOW('a',0,int)
#endif

mybuzzer

mybuzzer.c

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/ioctl.h>
#include"mybuzzer.h"
#define CNAME  "mycdev"

int major;//定义变量接收主设备号
char kbuf[128]={};//定义数组用于存放和用户之间拷贝的数据
//定义buzzer虚拟地址
gpio_t *vir_buzzer;
unsigned int *vir_rcc;

struct class *cls;//句柄
struct device *dev;

//对应的是open()
int mycdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
      return 0;
}
//read()
ssize_t mycdev_read(struct file *file, char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    //size参数是用户期待读到的字节长度
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_to_user(ubuf,kbuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }
     
    return size;
}
//write()
ssize_t mycdev_write(struct file *file, const char __user *ubuf, size_t size, loff_t *loff)
{
    int ret;
    if(size>sizeof(kbuf))
    size=sizeof(kbuf);
    ret=copy_from_user(kbuf,ubuf,size);
    if(ret)
    {
        printk("数据从内核向用户拷贝失败\n");
        return -EIO;
    }

    return size;
}


//
long ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
    int ret,which;
    switch(cmd)
    {
        case ANYON:
            ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
            if(ret)
            {
                printk("用户拷贝给内核数据失败\n");
                return -EIO;
            }
            switch (which)
            {
                case 1:
                    break;
                case 2:
                    break;
                case 3:
                    break;
                case BUZZER:
                    vir_buzzer->ODR |= (1<<6);
                    break;
                case 5:
                    break;

                default:
                    printk("功能码错误4\n");
                    break;
            }
            break;

        case ANYOFF:
            ret=copy_from_user(&which,(void *)arg,sizeof(int));
            if(ret)
            {
                printk("用户拷贝给内核数据失败\n");
                return -EIO;
            }
            switch (which)
            {
                case 1:
                    break;
                case 2:
                    break;
                case 3:
                    break;
                case BUZZER:
                    vir_buzzer->ODR &= ~(1<<6);
                    break;
                case 5:
                    break;
                default:
                    printk("功能码错误5\n");
                    break;
            }
            break;
            
            default:
                    printk("功能码错误6\n");
                    break;            
    }
    return 0;
 }

//close()
int mycdev_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
      printk("%s:%s:%d\n",__FILE__,__func__,__LINE__);
       return 0;
}
//操作方法结构体的初始化
struct file_operations fops=
{
    .open=mycdev_open,
    .read=mycdev_read,
    .write=mycdev_write,
    .unlocked_ioctl=ioctl,
    .release=mycdev_close,
};
int buzzer_init(void)
{
    //进行物理地址的映射
    vir_buzzer=ioremap(PHY_BUZZER_ADDR,sizeof(gpio_t));
    if(vir_buzzer==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_buzzer 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_buzzer 映射成功\n");

    vir_rcc=ioremap(PHY_RCC_ADDR,4);
    if(vir_rcc==NULL)
    {
        printk("vir_buzzer_rcc 映射失败\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    printk("vir_buzzer_rcc 映射成功\n");
    //寄存器的初始化
    //buzzer
    vir_buzzer->MODER &= ~(3<<12);
    vir_buzzer->MODER |= (1<<12);
    vir_buzzer->ODR &= ~(1<<6);

    //buzzer
    (*vir_rcc) |= (1<<1);
    return 0;
}
//入口函数,当驱动安装的时候执行
static int __init demo_init(void)
{
    
    //动态注册字符设备驱动
    major=register_chrdev(0,CNAME,&fops);
    if(major<0)
    {
        printk("字符设备__BUZZER-驱动 注册失败\n");
        return major;
    }
    printk("字符设备__BUZZER-驱动 注册成功major=%d\n",major);
    //向上提交节点目录
    cls=class_create(THIS_MODULE,"BUZZER");
    if(IS_ERR(cls))
    {
        printk("BUZZER向上提交节点目录失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(cls);
    }
    printk("BUZZER向上提交节点目录成功\n");
    
    //创建设备节点
    dev=device_create(cls,NULL,MKDEV(major,0),NULL,"mybuzzer");
    if(IS_ERR(dev))
    {
        printk("mybuzzer创建设备节点失败\n");
        return PTR_ERR(dev);
    }
    printk("mybuzzer创建设备节点成功\n");

    //寄存器的初始化
    buzzer_init();
   
    return 0;
}

//出口函数,卸载驱动的时候执行
static void __exit demo_exit(void)
{
    //销毁节点
    device_destroy(cls,MKDEV(major,0));
    //销毁目录
    class_destroy(cls);
    //取消映射
    iounmap(vir_buzzer);
    iounmap(vir_rcc);

    //注销字符设备驱动
    unregister_chrdev(major,CNAME);
   
}
module_init(demo_init);
module_exit(demo_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

mybuzzer.h

#ifndef __MYBUZZER_H__
#define __MYBUZZER_H__

//BUZZER---->gpiob 6 PB6

typedef struct{
    volatile unsigned int MODER;
    volatile unsigned int OTYPER;
    volatile unsigned int OSPEEDR;
    volatile unsigned int PUPDR;
    volatile unsigned int IDR;
    volatile unsigned int ODR;
    volatile unsigned int BSRR;
}gpio_t;
#define PHY_BUZZER_ADDR 0X50003000

#define PHY_RCC_ADDR  0X50000A28 
enum DEVICE
{
    BUZZER=4
};

#define ANYON _IOW('a',1,int)
#define ANYOFF _IOW('a',0,int)
#endif

main

main.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include "mybuzzer.h"


int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    char buf[128]={};
    int which;
    //打开led驱动文件
    int fd_led=open("/dev/myled",O_RDWR);
    if(fd_led<0)
    {

        printf("打开LED设备文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("LED设备文件打开成功\n");

    //打开buzzer驱动文件
    int fd_buzzer=open("/dev/mybuzzer",O_RDWR);
    if(fd_buzzer<0)
    {

        printf("打开BUZZER设备文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("BUZZER设备文件打开成功\n");

    //打开fen驱动文件
    int fd_fen=open("/dev/myfen",O_RDWR);
    if(fd_led<0)
    {

        printf("打开fen设备文件失败\n");
        exit(-1);
    }
    printf("fen设备文件打开成功\n");

    //在终端输入
    while(1)
    {
    printf("请输入控制命令1:打开 0:关闭\n");
    fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
    printf("请输入要操作的设备:1->LED1  2->LED2 3->LED3 4->BUZZER  5->风扇\n");
    scanf("%d",&which);
    getchar();

    //吃掉换行符
    buf[strlen(buf)-1]='\0';

    if(buf[0]=='1')
    {
        ioctl(fd_buzzer,ANYON,&which);
        ioctl(fd_led,ANYON,&which);
        ioctl(fd_fen,ANYON,&which);
    }
    else if(buf[0]=='0')
    {
        ioctl(fd_buzzer,ANYOFF,&which);
        ioctl(fd_led,ANYOFF,&which);
        ioctl(fd_fen,ANYOFF,&which);
    }
    else
    printf("输入错误\n");
    }
    close(fd_buzzer);
    close(fd_led);
    close(fd_fen);
    return 0;
}
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