进化:从孤胆极客到高效团队_极客狂：为什么互联网就像狂野的西部

进化:从孤胆极客到高效团队

When we think of the Old West, we remember how wild and dangerous it was and the opportunities it provided. The internet really isn’t much different. Let’s analyze the similarities and consider how we can tame the wild, wild web.

当我们想到旧西部时，我们会记住它是多么荒野和危险以及它提供的机会。 互联网确实没有太大不同。 让我们分析它们的相似之处，并考虑如何驯服狂野的网络。

增长与发展 (Growth and Development)

(Image Credit: Map of the Internet, XKCD)

(图片来源：互联网地图，XKCD )

The Wild West in America represented the attempt by people to move out and find opportunity, to tame the wild areas of the frontier, and to find and utilize natural resources. The internet was once a frontier unknown to most computer users, let alone your average person. Now, even with the web being so prominent in our hearts and minds, it’s still largely untamed territory. There’s still so much growth and development as yet unseen, so many internet “resources” untapped, so much potential unrealized. Over time, just as the American West developed into what it is today, the internet will become a much more mature and advanced hub. To do that, it’ll need to get even more tame than it is now.

美国的狂野西部代表人们尝试迁出并寻找机会，驯服边疆的荒野以及寻找和利用自然资源的尝试。 互联网曾经是大多数计算机用户未知的领域，更不用说普通人了。 现在，即使网络在我们的心灵中如此突出，它仍然基本上是不受限制的领域。 仍然有如此之多的增长和发展，尚未开发的互联网“资源”如此之多，潜力无穷。 随着时间的流逝，正如美国西部发展到今天一样，互联网将成为更加成熟和先进的枢纽。 为此，它需要变得比现在还要驯服。

The earliest denizens of the West were the “Native Americans,” indigenous peoples who’d been living there for quite some time. Spanish settlements came in very early on, so by the time Americans pushed out to develop essentially free land granted to them by the government, they had to learn and interact with people who were already there. Just like the big dot com boom in the 90s, the people who really started taking advantage of the internet and endeavored to strike it rich had to learn the ways of the geeks who already ran and influenced change. Over time, as more and more people pushed West in ever-increasing numbers, the original populace took a dive in numbers and gave way to a broader mix of people. Sound familiar? How many of you geeks remember the earlier days of the internet? I started relatively late in the game, with the majority of my learning taking place on the web of 1996-97. It was a much different place back then, with very different people. Once, you had to know how to really work with a computer to dial up and connect, and now everyone and their grandmother is connected without even being conscious of it. It no longer takes the hardy to risk their lives in pursuit of opportunity; now, the web is accessible to normal, everyday people. With larger and wider populations comes more urgent problems.

西方最早的居民是“美国原住民”，他们已经在那里生活了相当长的时间。 西班牙的移民定居点很早就出现了，所以当美国人大力开发政府授予他们的基本自由土地时，他们必须学习并与已经在那里的人们互动。 就像90年代的大型互联网热潮一样，真正开始利用互联网并努力使之致富的人们必须学习已经运行并影响变革的极客的方法。 随着时间的流逝，随着越来越多的人将西方推向越来越多的位置，最初的民众数量激增，而让更多人使用。 听起来有点熟？ 你们中有多少怪胎还记得互联网的早期？ 我起步比较晚，我的大部分学习都是在1996-97年间进行的。 那时的人非常不同，那里的情况大不相同。 曾经，您必须知道如何真正使用计算机进行拨号和连接，现在每个人和他们的祖母都已经连接起来，甚至没有意识到。 不再需要冒险家去冒险去寻求机会。 现在，普通人每天都可以访问网络。 随着越来越多的人口出现更加紧迫的问题。

本地化法律 (Localized Law)

Both in the Wild West and on the internet, law is localized. If you’ve ever spent anytime commenting or posting a one specific forum or blog, then you’ll immediately recognize what I’m talking about. Each hub is structured, being run by those who spend the money to front the site. Users who are trusted and have a good standing status are promoted to mods, the equivalent of a sheriff or “lawman.” Rules and regulations vary widely between these internet towns, but many are common. You’re expected to read, agree to, and uphold the rules of each forum. You’re expected to be helpful and not troll others. You’re expected to be respectful of others, support your opinions with facts, and otherwise engage in socially acceptable ways.

在狂野西部和互联网上，法律都是本地化的。 如果您曾经在任何时候评论或发布一个特定的论坛或博客，那么您将立即意识到我在说什么。 每个枢纽都是结构化的，由那些花钱在站点前的人运营。 受信任并具有良好信誉的用户将被提升为国防部，相当于警长或“律师”。 这些互联网城镇之间的规章制度差异很大，但许多都是常见的。 您应该阅读，同意并遵守每个论坛的规则。 希望您会有所帮助，不要拖延他人。 您应该尊重他人，以事实支持您的观点，或者以其他可以接受的方式参与社会。

Step outside of that sphere, and there’s no longer any consistent law. Sometimes this even happens between categories on the same forum. There’s a certain “toughness” that’s required in these frontier territories, and if you don’t have it, you’re better off not coming back instead of getting burned (we’ll get to some of the dangers in a short bit). And, ultimately, that’s favors the individuals who rule in these areas, not the vast majority of people.

跨出这个领域，不再有任何一致的法律。 有时甚至发生在同一论坛的类别之间。 在这些边境地区需要一定的“韧性”，如果您没有，则最好不要回来而不是被烧死(我们将在短期内解决一些危险)。 最终，这将有利于在这些地区统治的个人，而不是绝大多数人。

(Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons)

(图片来源： Wikimedia Commons )

暴民统治其他地方 (Mob Rule Elsewhere)

Where mods are few and far between, you’ll find tales of mobs taking over. Individuals acting together can help mods do their jobs, but they can also help take matters into their own hands. Reddit users often works together to help each other with advice and info. And, love them or hate them, 4chan users acting together anonymously have often gotten what they consider retribution against insults and the like. There’s no real internet-wide police to force peaceful protests, so the web-equivalent of riots can sometimes occur. Once again, this usually serves the individual group, not the majority of people. There are notable exceptions to this, however; posses that strike out again the outlaws to honorably protect the innocents. Either way, you can really blame it all on a lack of consistent and wide-spread regulation, partially fostered by the idea of anonymity (whether or not it actually exists). If things were regulated, then you wouldn’t see people misbehaving, and you wouldn’t see people needing to band together and perform questionable acts to protect themselves.

在Mod很少且相距甚远的地方，您会发现小怪接手的故事。 一起行动的个人可以帮助mod做好工作，但他们也可以帮助自己解决问题。 Reddit用户经常一起工作，以相互之间提供建议和信息。 而且，无论爱与恨，4chan匿名行动的用户经常得到他们认为对侮辱等的报应。 互联网上没有真正的警察强迫和平抗议，因此有时可能会发生与网络相当的骚乱。 再一次，这通常服务于个人群体，而不是大多数人。 但是，有一些例外。 再次打击非法者以光荣地保护无辜者。 无论哪种方式，您都可以将所有这一切归咎于缺乏一致和广泛的监管，而这部分是由于匿名概念(无论它是否实际存在)引起的。 如果事情得到规范，那么您将不会看到人们的行为异常，也不会看到人们需要团结起来并采取可疑的行为来保护自己。

大多数人无法无天 (Lawless and Unregulated for Most People)

(Image Credit: The Magnificent Seven (1960))

(图片来源：七侠(1960) )

In the Wild West, people worried about two main things: property rights and survival. The internet’s not really different. Property rights are what allow people to work productively for their livelihood. Intellectual property is notoriously hard to protect. You also worry about people stealing your credit card and bank account information, and whether or not something you ordered online will ever actually get to you. Some of these problems have been mitigated by things like the App Store and Marketplace, and by the protective clauses in Paypal and eBay terms, and of course by common sense. Overall, however, there’s still a lot of danger.

在荒野西部，人们担心两件事：财产权和生存。 互联网并没有什么不同。 财产权使人们能够为自己的生计进行生产性工作。 众所周知，知识产权很难保护。 您还担心别人会窃取您的信用卡和银行帐户信息，以及您在网上订购的商品是否能真正找到您。 其中一些问题已通过诸如App Store和Marketplace以及Paypal和eBay条款中的保护性条款(当然是常识)得到缓解。 总体而言，仍然存在很多危险。

There’s worse out there, too. Aside from malware, viruses, and phishing attempts, you have to worry about more serious “real life” problems. Child molesters in chat rooms are a constant terror for parents. The Craigslist Killer made a lot of waves in that community as well. The internet allows people of like minds to meet and interact, whether they’re good people or bad. This makes the danger more real.

那里也更糟。 除了恶意软件，病毒和网络钓鱼尝试之外，您还必须担心更严重的“现实生活”问题。 聊天室里的mole亵儿童对父母来说一直是恐怖。 Craigslist Killer在该社区也引起了很多轰动。 互联网允许志趣相投的人相遇和互动，无论他们是好人还是坏人。 这使危险更加真实。

Just like many broke out into the western frontier of the United States in search of new lives and opportunities, many people bored with their real lives strike out on the internet. The danger is there, and it’s real, but the optimism and hope of opportunity really can make the experience worthwhile. That is, as long as you stay smart.

就像许多人闯入美国西部边境以寻找新的生活和机会一样，许多对现实生活感到无聊的人也从互联网上冒出来。 危险确实存在，而且确实存在，但是乐观和对机会的希望确实可以使体验值得。 也就是说，只要您保持聪明。

改变政策和立法 (Changing Policies and Legislation)

(Image Credit: Online Communities, XKCD)

(图片来源：在线社区，XKCD )

Things are slowly changing. The U.S. government has been cracking down on piracy websites via Immigrations and Customs Enforcement, the investigative branch of the Department of Homeland Security. Not everyone knows this, but the National Intellectual Property Right Coordination Center is run by the DHS. In the past, they’ve shut down websites who stream sports illegally, as well as number torrent hubs and other websites that they determine to have no other purpose except piracy. There’s no real formal appeals process, and as of right now, they have a lot of power to do what they want, but it can be argued that they haven’t done much yet that isn’t directly related to piracy or illegal streaming.

事情正在慢慢改变。 美国政府一直在通过国土安全部调查部门移民与海关执法局打击海盗网站。 并非所有人都知道这一点，但是由DHS运营的国家知识产权协调中心。 过去，他们关闭了非法播放体育节目的网站，以及一些洪流枢纽和其他他们认为除盗版外没有其他用途的网站。 目前还没有真正的正式上诉程序，并且到目前为止，他们有很大的权力去做自己想要的事情，但是可以说，他们做得还很多，与盗版或非法流媒体没有直接关系。

The trade-off for security is freedom, and that seems somewhat reasonable. The issue is much more complicated than that, however. Why does a U.S. agency have the right to shut down a website? Well, the old and technically legal answer is that it’s because the server is based in the U.S. But what about those that aren’t? It’s not hard to take piracy and malicious websites elsewhere, where local laws don’t interfere in such disputes. And let’s consider the topic of net neutrality. Tiered internet makes sense for companies, sure. They want to mitigate complaints of rising costs by their customers and since a good deal of bandwidth goes towards piracy, why not filter? The answer most people give is that it’s infringing on privacy; unless they KNOW you’re using your bandwidth illegitimately, they can’t treat your transfers as second-class or filter them out. To preemptively filter out bandwidth can interfere with customers’ legitimate uses of their product.

安全的权衡是自由，这似乎是合理的。 但是，这个问题要复杂得多。 为什么美国代理商有权关闭网站？ 好吧，从技术上讲，这是一个古老而合法的答案，这是因为服务器位于美国，但是那些服务器不在美国呢？ 在当地法律不干涉此类纠纷的其他地方，盗版和恶意网站并不难。 让我们考虑一下网络中立的话题。 当然，分层互联网对公司来说很有意义。 他们想减轻客户对成本上涨的抱怨，并且由于大量带宽都用于盗版，为什么不过滤呢？ 大多数人给出的答案是侵犯隐私权； 除非他们知道您非法使用带宽，否则他们不能将您的传输视为第二类或将其过滤掉。 抢先过滤掉带宽会干扰客户对其产品的合法使用。

(Image Credit: Online Communities 2, XKCD)

(图片来源：在线社区2，XKCD )

It’s a problem, and there seems to be little room for compromise. Legally speaking, the laws are based on technology that is essentially obsolete for our purposes: telephone communications. There isn’t such a thing as absolutely limited bandwidth, and since networks are connected world-wide in very intrinsic way now, the older laws don’t apply. Economics is also in new territory in this area; it is fundamentally the study of how scarce goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. Bandwidth isn’t a scarce good, at least not in the conventional way. Like water, it requires a system to divert and lead it, but there’s little worry of the bandwidth river drying up. Software isn’t really, either. If you give someone a book, you no longer have it, but it’s simple to make copies of files. This lack of scarcity makes piracy more widespread, especially when you think of how intangible it is for most people.

这是一个问题，而且似乎没有妥协的余地。 从法律上讲，法律基于对我们的目的实质上已过时的技术：电话通信。 带宽没有绝对限制，而且由于网络现在已经以非常固有的方式在全球范围内连接，因此较旧的法律不再适用。 在这一领域，经济学也处于新领域。 从根本上讲，这是关于如何生产，分配和消费稀缺商品和服务的研究。 带宽并不是一个稀缺的东西，至少不是以传统的方式。 像水一样，它需要一个系统来转移和引导它，但是不必担心带宽河干drying了。 软件也不是。 如果您给某人一本书，您将不再拥有它，但是复制文件很简单。 这种稀缺性的缺乏使盗版行为更加普遍，尤其是当您想到这对大多数人来说是无形的时候。

It wasn’t until the population rose sufficiently in the western frontiers and networks grew and spread more substantially that security was maintained without extensive curbing of rights. But, while the Wild West had the benefit of state divisions and laws to help keep things organized, the internet is considered to be a fundamentally world-wide thing, making the decisions involved more far-reaching and controversial. At the same time, criminals could be safe across state lines due to jurisdiction disputes by authorities, and this wouldn’t be a problem on the internet if the authority does, indeed, have a jurisdiction. This results in a more widespread security, benefitting a much wider base. If regulation is a must, then there needs to be a world-wide agency or committee that sets rules, similar to the World Trade Organization, to prevent the loopholes from working to the advantage of policy violators and to prevent the big companies from gaining a strangle-hold on legitimate users.

直到西部边境的人口充分增长，网络不断扩大和扩散，才得以维持安全而又没有广泛地限制权利。 但是，尽管“狂野西部”受益于各州的划分和法律的帮助，以使事情井井有条，但互联网从根本上说却是世界范围的事情，因此决策涉及的范围更广且更具争议性。 同时，由于当局的管辖权纠纷，罪犯在各州之间可能是安全的，如果当局确实拥有管辖权，这在互联网上就不会成为问题。 这导致更广泛的安全性，使更广泛的基础受益。 如果必须进行监管，那么就需要有一个世界范围的机构或委员会来制定规则，类似于世界贸易组织，以防止漏洞对政策违规者有利，并防止大公司获取违规行为。扼杀合法用户。

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Ultimately, the legislation needs to become modernized and needs to be enforced with a world-wide representation, all while preserving everyone’s individual rights. That’s the only way to protect everyone. Easy right? Maybe we can take some lessons from the American West and mix them with some global wisdoms to build a solution. Together. The way it should be.

最终，立法需要现代化，并需要在世界范围内具有代表性，同时还要维护每个人的个人权利。 这是保护所有人的唯一方法。 容易吧？ 也许我们可以借鉴美国西部的经验教训，并将其与全球智慧相结合，以制定解决方案。 一起。 应该是这样。

Know how to solve this easily? Have some examples that prove me wrong? Share your insights in the comments, but please, no trolling. ;-)

知道如何轻松解决这个问题吗？ 有一些例子证明我错了吗？ 在评论中分享您的见解，但请不要拖拉。 ;-)

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/62135/geek-rants-why-the-internet-is-like-the-wild-west/

进化:从孤胆极客到高效团队