市值中性化 行业中性化_什么是净中性？

市值中性化 行业中性化

Net neutrality is one of the biggest policy debates around the internet, and the government has voted to officially repeal the net neutrality regulations. Here’s what net neutrality is, and how it affects you.

网络中立性是围绕互联网的最大政策辩论之一，政府已投票决定正式废除网络中立性法规。 净中性是什么，以及它如何影响您。

In short, “net neutrality” refers to the principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally, without discrimination. Net neutrality says that internet service providers should transmit data without giving preference to certain companies or types of data. Opponents say the government should not regulate how internet providers run their business.

简而言之，“网络中立”指的是所有互联网流量均应一视同仁而不受歧视的原则。 网络中立性表示，互联网服务提供商应在不偏爱某些公司或数据类型的情况下传输数据。 反对者说，政府不应规范互联网提供商的经营方式。

互联网当前的工作方式 (How the Internet Currently Works)

Under net neutrality, internet providers are not allowed to give preferential treatment to certain types of data. Whether you’re accessing How-To Geek, Google, or a tiny website running on shared hosting somewhere, your Internet service provider treats these connections equally, sending data to you at the same speed.

在网络中立的情况下，不允许互联网提供商对某些类型的数据给予优惠待遇。 无论您访问的是How-To Geek，Google还是在某个地方的共享主机上运行的小型网站，您的Internet服务提供商都将这些连接视为同等对待，以相同的速度向您发送数据。

This is how the internet has always worked, for the most part, and these rules were enforced thanks to a set of net neutrality regulations passed in recent years. Internet providers are currently classified as “common carriers”, essentially making them subject to the same regulations as other utilities, like wired phone lines. As a result, the government could step in and say “no, you can’t do that” if an internet provider is shown giving preferential treatment to certain types of traffic.

在大多数情况下，这就是互联网一直运行的方式，并且由于近年来通过了一系列网络中立性法规，因此强制执行了这些规则。 Internet提供商目前被归类为“公共运营商”，从根本上使它们与其他公用事业(如有线电话线路)受同样的法规约束。 结果，如果显示互联网提供商对某些类型的流量给予优惠待遇，则政府可以介入并说“不，您不能这样做”。

For example, in 2012, AT&T subscribers couldn’t use FaceTime on their iPhones unless they upgraded to one of AT&T’s newer, more expensive shared data plans. Even though FaceTime worked fine on older plans, AT&T wanted people to pay more for their service, so they blocked FaceTime on anything except Wi-Fi. This would be against today’s net neutrality rules, and the FCC could intervene and force AT&T to treat that data equally, no matter what data plan a person was using.

例如，在2012年，除非AT＆T订户升级到AT＆T的更新，更昂贵的共享数据计划之一，否则无法在其iPhone上使用FaceTime 。 尽管FaceTime在较早的计划中运行良好，但AT＆T希望人们为他们的服务支付更多的费用，因此他们在Wi-Fi之外的任何其他方面都阻止了FaceTime。 这将违反当今的网络中立性规则，并且FCC可以干预并强迫AT＆T平等对待这些数据，而不管一个人正在使用什么数据计划。

The implications of this are many. Imagine if Comcast made Netflix slow so that you’d be more tempted to subscribe to Comcast’s own NBC or Xfinity streaming services. They could force Netflix (or you) to pay them more money in order to make Netflix streams faster and higher quality. Those are the kind of things internet providers could be allowed to do if net neutrality regulations didn’t exist.

这意味着很多。 想象一下，如果Comcast使Netflix变慢，那么您将更倾向于订阅Comcast自己的NBC或Xfinity流媒体服务。 他们可能会强迫Netflix(或您)向他们支付更多钱，以使​​Netflix流式传输更快，更高质量。 如果不存在网络中立性法规，则可以允许互联网提供商采取这些措施。

为什么在新闻中出现网络中立 (Why Net Neutrality Is In the News)

Not everyone agreed with these regulations, however. Opponents say that internet providers are private companies that should be allowed to operate however they want—after all, if you don’t like it, you can move to another internet provider (as long as another one is offered in your area, which isn’t always the case).

但是，并非所有人都同意这些规定。 反对者说，互联网提供商是应允许其随心所欲经营的私人公司。毕竟，如果您不喜欢它，则可以转到另一家互联网提供商(只要您所在地区提供了另一家，并非总是如此)。

Many of these net neutrality regulations were just passed in the last few years, but as with anything in government, opponents are always looking for ways to dismantle them. The FCC recently voted to repeal those net neutrality regulations, which will now allow internet providers to adjust traffic as they see fit.

这些净中立性法规中的许多法规是在最近几年才通过的，但是与政府中的任何其他法规一样，反对者们一直在寻找拆除这些法规的方法。 美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)最近投票决定废除这些网络中立性法规，该法规现在将允许互联网提供商根据自己的意愿调整流量。

争论：是否应该规范网络中立性？ (The Debate: Should Net Neutrality Be Regulated?)

Many of the arguments around net neutrality don’t come down to whether net neutrality is good in and of itself, but whether government regulation is necessary to preserve it or whether that regulation is harmful to future innovation.

围绕网络中立性的许多争论不仅仅在于网络中立性本身是否良好，还在于政府规制是否有必要维护它，或者该规制是否对未来的创新有害。

Major Internet companies like Google and Microsoft, along with consumer advocate groups, tend to support net neutrality, arguing that Internet service providers shouldn’t be able to discriminate against certain types of connections and content. Major telecommunications companies, along with the usual anti-government-regulation interest groups, tend to oppose net neutrality, arguing that governments shouldn’t tell Internet service providers how to run their networks, and that it could hamper innovation.

像Google和Microsoft这样的主要互联网公司，以及支持消费者的团体，都倾向于支持网络中立性，他们认为互联网服务提供商不应歧视某些类型的连接和内容。 大型电信公司以及通常的反政府监管利益集团都倾向于反对网络中立，认为政府不应告诉互联网服务提供商如何运行其网络，并且这可能会阻碍创新。

Whether you support network neutrality or think the government shouldn’t be handing down rules, it’s clear to see that “net neutrality” has been the way the Internet has worked so far. It’s possible that the internet would only change in small ways without net neutrality regulations, but it could change in big ways too. The real problem is the lack of competition: if you don’t have another internet provider in your area to switch to, the internet companies aren’t incentivized to care about what you want.

无论您是支持网络中立，还是认为政府不应该发布规则，很明显，到目前为止，“网络中立”一直是互联网的工作方式。 没有网络中立性法规，互联网可能只会以很小的方式改变，但也可能会以很大的方式改变。 真正的问题是缺乏竞争：如果您所在地区没有其他互联网提供商可以转换，则互联网公司不会受到激励去关心您想要的东西。

Image Credit: Free Press Action Fund on Flickr,  KIUI on Flickr, Thomas Belknap on Flickr

图片来源： Flickr上的Free Press Action Fund，Flickr上的KIUI，Flickr上的Thomas Belknap

翻译自: https://www.howtogeek.com/164896/htg-explains-what-is-net-neutrality/

市值中性化 行业中性化