Direct3D的初始化

Direct3D的初始化分四步骤：

1. 获取接口IDrect3D9的指针；此指针在2，4步中将会用到，在2步中用来获取系统中物理硬件设备信息，4步中用来创建IDirect3DDevice9对象

代码：

	IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;
	d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

2. 检查设备性能；判断主显卡是否支持顶点运算，在创建一个IDirect3DDevice9类型对象是，必须指定使用该对象进行顶点运算的类型，由于并非所有的显卡都支持硬件顶点运算，所以需要检查；

代码：

	D3DCAPS9 caps;
	d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);

	int vp = 0;
	if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )
	{
		vp =D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
	}
	else
	{
		vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; 
	}

D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING硬件顶点运算

D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING软件顶点运算

3. 初始化D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS结构的一个实例，该结构用于指定IDirect3DDevice9类型对象的一些特征

代码：

	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
	d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;
	d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;
	d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
	d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;
	d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; 
	d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;
	d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;
	d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true; 
	d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;
	d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;
	d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
	d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

4. 创建IDirect3DDevice9对象

代码：

	hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
		D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
		deviceType,
		hwnd,
		vp,
		&d3dpp,
		device);

一个实例：（vs2010)

d3dUtility.h

#pragma once
#pragma comment (lib,"d3d9.lib")  
#pragma comment (lib,"d3dx9.lib")  
#pragma comment (lib,"winmm.lib") 


#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <string>

namespace d3d
{
	  bool InitD3D(
		  HINSTANCE hInstance,
		  int width, int height,
		  bool windowed,
		  D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,
		  IDirect3DDevice9** device);
		  
	  int EnterMsgLoop(
		  bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));

	  LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
		  HWND hwnd,
		  UINT msg,
		  WPARAM wParam,
		  LPARAM lParam);

	  template<class T> void Release(T t)
	  {
		  if(t)
		  {
			  t->Release();
			  t = 0;
		  }
	  }

	  template<class T> void Delete(T t)
	  {
		  if(t)
		  {
			   delete t;
			   t = 0;
		  }
	  }
}

d3dUtility.cpp

#include "d3dUtility.h"

bool d3d::InitD3D(
	HINSTANCE hInstance, 
	int width, int height, 
	bool windowed, 
	D3DDEVTYPE deviceType, 
	IDirect3DDevice9** device)
{
	WNDCLASS wc;

	wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wc.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc; 
	wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
	wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
	wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wc.lpszMenuName  = 0;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App";

	if( !RegisterClass(&wc) ) 
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return false;
	}
	HWND hwnd = 0;
	hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App", 
		WS_EX_TOPMOST,
		0, 0, width, height,
		0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/); 

	if( !hwnd )
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return false;
	}

	::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
	::UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	HRESULT hr = 0;

	//第1步：获取接口IDirect3D9指针
	IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;
	d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

	if( !d3d9 )
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return false;
	}

	//第2步：检查设备性能
	D3DCAPS9 caps;
	d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);

	int vp = 0;
	if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )
	{
		vp =D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
	}
	else
	{
		vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING; 
	}

	//第3步：初始化D3DPRESET_PARAMETER结构一个实例
	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
	d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;
	d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;
	d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
	d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;
	d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; 
	d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;
	d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;
	d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true; 
	d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;
	d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;
	d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
	d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

	//第4步：创建IDirect3DDevice9对象
	hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
		D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
		deviceType,
		hwnd,
		vp,
		&d3dpp,
		device);

	if(FAILED(hr))
	{
		d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
		hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
			D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
			deviceType,
			hwnd,
			vp,
			&d3dpp,
			device);

		if( FAILED(hr) )
		{
			d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
			::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0);
			return false;
		}

		d3d9->Release();
		}
		return true;
	}


	int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) )
	{
		MSG msg;
		::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));

		static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime(); 

		while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
		{
			if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
			{
				::TranslateMessage(&msg);
				::DispatchMessage(&msg);
			}
			else
			{	
				float currTime  = (float)timeGetTime();
				float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;

				ptr_display(timeDelta);

				lastTime = currTime;
			}
		}
		return msg.wParam;
	}

d3dInit.cpp

#include "d3dUtility.h"
#include<windows.h>

IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;

bool Setup()
{
	// Nothing to setup in this sample.

	return true;
}

void Cleanup()
{
	// Nothing to cleanup in this sample.
}

bool Display(float timeDelta)
{
	if( Device )
	{
		Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0x00000000, 1.0f, 0);
		Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);
	}
	return true;
}


LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch( msg )
	{
	case WM_DESTROY:
		::PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;

	case WM_KEYDOWN:
		if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
			::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
		break;
	}
	return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

int WINAPI WinMain(
	HINSTANCE hinstance,
	HINSTANCE prevInstance,
	PSTR cmdLine, 
	int showCmd)
{
	if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance, 640, 480, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))
	{
		::MessageBox(0,"InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0 );
		return 0;
	}

	if(!Setup())
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return 0;
	}

	d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );

	Cleanup();

	Device->Release();

	return 0;
}

此实例在Dispaly函数中调用了IDrect3DDevice9::Clear函数，将后台缓存和深度或模版缓存分别设置为黑色和1.0，然后调用IDrect3DDevice9::Present函数提交后台缓存。

运行结果：