design pattern : 策略模型Strategy

 

策略模型一般用于 在软件构建过程中，某些对象使用的算法可能多种多样，经常发生变化。如果在对象内部实现这些算法，将会使对象变得异常复杂，甚至会造成性能上的负担。  

GoF《设计模式》中说道:定义一系列算法，把它们一个个封装起来，并且使它们可以相互替换。该模式使得算法可独立于它们的客户变化。

以一个简单的例子来说明：

有家蛋糕点，蛋糕分为两种，有糖和没糖（现在就两种，但以后会添加更多分类，有奶油和没奶油的...

先定义cake的种类,这是对象蛋糕的基本行为

public interface Icake {
 public void suger();
// public String discount();
}

有糖:

class withSuger implements Icake{
 //Icake cake1;
 public void suger(){
  System.out.println("this cake is with suger!");
 }
 public String discount(){
  return "no discount";
 }
}

无糖:

class withoutSuger implements Icake{
 //Icake cake2;
 public void suger(){
  System.out.println("this cake is no suger!");
 }
 public String discount(){
  return " have discount ";
 }
}

蛋糕的抽象类,也是面向客户的直接界面

public abstract class Cake {
 Icake suger;
 public Cake(){ 
 }
 public void chechSuger(){
  suger.suger();
 }
}

蛋糕一种之菠萝包

public class Boluobao extends Cake{
 public Boluobao(){
  suger = new withSuger();
 }
}

写test,看菠萝包,有糖.....(可扩展其他行为，如保质期长／保质期短）

Cake b1 = new Boluobao();
  b1.chechSuger();

要改变的话，可以在cake里加入

pulic void setSuger(Icake change){

this.suger = change;

}

在test中

b1.setSuger(new withoutSuger());

head first里的作业，实现其代码，不解释了

public interface WaeponBehavior {
 public void useweapon();
}

class KnifeBehavior implements WaeponBehavior{
 public void useweapon(){
  System.out.println("I am using a knife!");
 }
}

class BowAndArrowBehavior implements WaeponBehavior{
 public void useweapon(){
  System.out.println("i am using a Bow and Arrow");
 }
}

class AxeBehavior implements WaeponBehavior{
 public void useweapon(){
  System.out.println("i am using a Axe");
 }
}

class SwordBehavior implements WaeponBehavior{
 public void useweapon(){
  System.out.println("i am using a Sword");
 }
}

public abstract class Character {
 WaeponBehavior waepon;
 PersonDetail personal;
 public void setWaepon(WaeponBehavior w){
  this.waepon = w;
 }
 public void Fight(){
  waepon.useweapon();
 }
}

class King extends Character{
 public King(){
  waepon = new AxeBehavior();
 }
}

class Queen extends Character{
 public Queen(){
  waepon = new BowAndArrowBehavior();
 }
}

class Knight extends Character{
 public Knight(){
  waepon = new SwordBehavior();
 }
}

class Troll extends Character{
 public Troll(){
  waepon = new KnifeBehavior();
 }
}

Character englandKing = new King();
  Character franceKing = new King();
  englandKing.Fight();
  franceKing.Fight();
  englandKing.setWaepon(new SwordBehavior());
  englandKing.Fight();