I wrote a performance improvement algorithm in last month. The algorithm takes Linux semaphore and shared memory to exchange data efficiently.
It was my first time to use Linux semaphore and shared memory. I ransacked the below sample code before writing my code. I think it is worthy to place here for IPC programming starters.
The sample code is copied fromhttp://www.vcgood.com/bbs/forum_posts.asp?tid=2027
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<linux/sem.h>
#include<linux/shm.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<time.h>
#define MAXSHM 5 //定义缓冲区数组的下标变量个数
/* 定义3个信号量的内部标识 */
int fullid;
int emptyid;
int mutexid;
/* 主函数 */
int main()
{
/* 定义2个共享内存的ID */
int arrayid;
int getid;
/* 定义共享内存虚拟地址 */
int *array;
int *get;
/* 创建共享内存 */
arrayid=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,sizeof(int) *MAXSHN,IPC_CREAT|0666);
getid=shmget(IPC_PRIVATE,sizeof(int),IPC_CREAT|0666);
/* 初始化共享内存 */
array=(int *) shmat(arrayid,0,0);
get=(int *) shmat(getid,0,0);
*get=0;
/* 定义信号量数据结构 */
struct sembuf P,V;
union semun arg;
/* 创建信号量 */
fullid=semget(IPC_PRIVATE,1,IPC_CREAT|0666);
emptyid=semget(IPC_PRIVATE,1,IPC_CREAT|0666);
mutexid=semget(IPC_PRIVATE,1,IPC_CREAT|0666);
/*初始化信号量 */
arg.val=0; //初始时缓冲区中无数据
if(semctl(fullid,0,SETVAL,arg)==-1)
perror(”semctl setval error”);
arg.val=MAXSHM; //初始时缓冲区中有5个空闲的数组元素
if(semctl(emptyid,0,SETVAL,arg)==-1)
perror(”semctl setval error”);
arg.val=1; //初始时互斥信号为1,允许一个进程进入
if(semctl(mutexid,0,SETVAL,arg)==-1)
perror(”semctl setval error”);
/* 初始化 P V操作 */
P.sem_num=0;
P.sem_op=-1;
P.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
V.sem_num=0;
V.sem_op=1;
V.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
/* 生产者进程 */
if(fork()==0)
{
int i=0;
int set=0;
while(i<10)
{
semop(emptyid,&P,1); //对 emptyid执行P操作
semop(mutexid,&P,1); //对 mutexid执行 P操作
array[set%MAXSHM]=i+1;
printf(”Producer put number %d to No.%d/n”,array[set%MAXSHM],set%MAXSHM);
set++; //写计数加1
semop(mutexid,&V,1); //对mutexid执行 V 操作
semop(fullid,&V,1); //对fullid执行 V 操作
i++;
}
sleep(3); //SLEEP 3秒,等待消费者进程执行完毕
printf(”Poducer if over/n”);
exit(0);
}
else
{
/* 消费者A进程 */
if(fork()==0)
{
while(1)
{
if(*get==10) break;
semop(fullid,&P,1); //对fullid执行 P 操作
semop(mutexid,&P,1); //对mutexid执行 P 操作
printf(”The ConsumerA get number from No.%d/n”,(*get)%MAXSHM);
(*get)++; //读计数加1
semop(mutexid,&V,1); //对mutexid执行 V 操作
semop(emptyid,&V,1); //对fullid执行 V 操作
sleep(1);
}
printf(”ConsunerA is over/n”);
exit(0);
}
else
{
/*消费者B进程 */
if(fork()==0)
{
while(1)
{
if(*get==10) break;
semop(fullid,&P,1); //对fullid执行 P 操作
semop(mutexid,&P,1); //对mutexid执行 P 操作
printf(”The ConsumerA get number from No.%d/n”,(*get)%MAXSHM);
(*get)++; //读计数加1
semop(mutexid,&V,1); //对mutexid执行 V 操作
semop(emptyid,&V,1); //对emptyid执行 V 操作
sleep(1);
}
printf(”ConsunerB is over/n”);
exit(0);
}
}
}
/* 父进程返回后回收3个子进程 */
wait(0);
wait(0);
wait(0);
/* 断开并撤消2个共享内存 */
shmdt(array);
shmctl(arrayid,IPC_RMID,0);
shmctl(get);
shmctl(getid,IPC_RMID,0);
/* 撤消3个信号量集 */
semctl(emptyid,IPC_RMID,0);
semctl(fullid,IPC_RMID,0);
semctl(mutexid,IPC_RMID,0);
exit(0);
}