opencv 6 图像轮廓与图像分割修复 1 查找并绘制轮廓 寻找物体的凸包

查找并绘制轮廓

寻找轮廓（findContours）函数

绘制轮廓（drawContours()函数）

基础实例程序：轮廓查找

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------

//      描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // 【1】载入原始图，且必须以二值图模式载入
    Mat srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 0);
    imshow("原始图", srcImage);

    //【2】初始化结果图
    Mat dstImage = Mat::zeros(srcImage.rows, srcImage.cols, CV_8UC3);

    //【3】srcImage取大于阈值119的那部分
    srcImage = srcImage > 119;
    imshow("取阈值后的原始图", srcImage);

    //【4】定义轮廓和层次结构
    vector<vector<Point> > contours;
    vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;

    //【5】查找轮廓
    
    //此句代码的OpenCV3版为：
    findContours(srcImage, contours, hierarchy, RETR_CCOMP, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

    // 【6】遍历所有顶层的轮廓， 以随机颜色绘制出每个连接组件颜色
    int index = 0;
    for (; index >= 0; index = hierarchy[index][0])
    {
        Scalar color(rand() & 255, rand() & 255, rand() & 255);
        
        drawContours(dstImage, contours, index, color, FILLED, 8, hierarchy);
    }

    //【7】显示最后的轮廓图
    imshow("轮廓图", dstImage);

    waitKey(0);

}

综合实例程序(加blur，canny和滑动条）：

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- 
//      描述：定义一些辅助宏 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"          //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【轮廓图】"                    //为窗口标题定义的宏 


//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//      描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat g_srcImage;
Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 80;
int g_nThresh_max = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat g_cannyMat_output;
vector<vector<Point>> g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;


//-----------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】--------------------------------------
//      描述：全局函数的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText();
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);


//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】--------------------------------------------
//      描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    //【0】改变console字体颜色
    system("color 1F");

    //【0】显示欢迎和帮助文字
    ShowHelpText();

    // 加载源图像
    g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1);
    if (!g_srcImage.data) { printf("读取图片错误，请确定目录下是否有imread函数指定的图片存在~！ \n"); return false; }

    // 转成灰度并模糊化降噪
    cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));

    // 创建窗口
    namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);

    //创建滚动条并初始化
    createTrackbar("canny阈值", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_nThresh_max, on_ThreshChange);
    on_ThreshChange(0, 0);

    waitKey(0);
    return(0);
}

//-----------------------------------【on_ThreshChange( )函数】------------------------------  
//      描述：回调函数
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{

    // 用Canny算子检测边缘
    Canny(g_grayImage, g_cannyMat_output, g_nThresh, g_nThresh * 2, 3);

    // 寻找轮廓
    findContours(g_cannyMat_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));

    // 绘出轮廓
    Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_cannyMat_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
    for (int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
    {
        Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));//任意值
        drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 2, 8, g_vHierarchy, 0, Point());
    }

    // 显示效果图
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}


//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------------  
//      描述：输出一些帮助信息  
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
static void ShowHelpText()
{
    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
    
    printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION);
    printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

    //输出一些帮助信息  
    printf("\n\n\t欢迎来到【在图形中寻找轮廓】示例程序~\n\n");
    printf("\n\n\t按键操作说明: \n\n"
        "\t\t键盘按键任意键- 退出程序\n\n"
        "\t\t滑动滚动条-改变阈值\n");
}

寻找物体的凸包

寻找凸包（convexHull()函数）

基础示例程序：凸包检测基础

#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

//-----------------------------------【ShowHelpText( )函数】----------------------------------
//          描述：输出一些帮助信息
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void ShowHelpText()
{
    //输出欢迎信息和OpenCV版本
    
    printf("\n\n\t\t\t   当前使用的OpenCV版本为：" CV_VERSION);
    printf("\n\n  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
    //输出一些帮助信息
    printf("\n\t欢迎来到【凸包检测】示例程序~\n\n");
    printf("\n\t按键操作说明: \n\n"
        "\t\t键盘按键【ESC】、【Q】、【q】- 退出程序\n\n"
        "\t\t键盘按键任意键 - 重新生成随机点，并进行凸包检测\n");

}


//--------------------------------------【main( )函数】-----------------------------------------
//          描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{
    //改变console字体颜色
    system("color 1F");

    //显示帮助文字
    ShowHelpText();

    //初始化变量和随机值
    Mat image(600, 600, CV_8UC3);
    RNG& rng = theRNG();

    //循环，按下ESC,Q,q键程序退出，否则有键按下便一直更新
    while (1)
    {
        //参数初始化
        char key;//键值
        int count = (unsigned)rng % 100 + 3;//随机生成点的数量
        vector<Point> points; //点值

        //随机生成点坐标
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            Point point;
            point.x = rng.uniform(image.cols / 4, image.cols * 3 / 4);
            point.y = rng.uniform(image.rows / 4, image.rows * 3 / 4);

            points.push_back(point);
        }

        //检测凸包
        vector<int> hull;
        convexHull(Mat(points), hull, true);

        //绘制出随机颜色的点
        image = Scalar::all(0);
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            circle(image, points[i], 3, Scalar(rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255), rng.uniform(0, 255)), FILLED, LINE_AA);

        //准备参数
        int hullcount = (int)hull.size();//凸包的边数
        Point point0 = points[hull[hullcount - 1]];//连接凸包边的坐标点

        //绘制凸包的边
        for (int i = 0; i < hullcount; i++)
        {
            Point point = points[hull[i]];
            line(image, point0, point, Scalar(255, 255, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
            point0 = point;
        }

        //显示效果图
        imshow("凸包检测示例", image);

        //按下ESC,Q,或者q，程序退出
        key = (char)waitKey();
        if (key == 27 || key == 'q' || key == 'Q')
            break;
    }

    return 0;
}

综合实例程序：寻找和绘制物体的凸包

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;


//-----------------------------------【宏定义部分】-------------------------------------------- 
//  描述：定义一些辅助宏 
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原始图窗口】"                  //为窗口标题定义的宏 
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【效果图窗口】"                  //为窗口标题定义的宏 



//-----------------------------------【全局变量声明部分】--------------------------------------
//  描述：全局变量的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mat g_srcImage; Mat g_grayImage;
int g_nThresh = 50;
int g_maxThresh = 255;
RNG g_rng(12345);
Mat srcImage_copy = g_srcImage.clone();
Mat g_thresholdImage_output;
vector<vector<Point> > g_vContours;
vector<Vec4i> g_vHierarchy;


//-----------------------------------【全局函数声明部分】--------------------------------------
//   描述：全局函数的声明
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void on_ThreshChange(int, void*);


//-----------------------------------【main( )函数】------------------------------------------
//   描述：控制台应用程序的入口函数，我们的程序从这里开始执行
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
int main()
{

    // 加载源图像
    g_srcImage = imread("1.jpg", 1);

    // 将原图转换成灰度图并进行模糊降
    cvtColor(g_srcImage, g_grayImage, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    blur(g_grayImage, g_grayImage, Size(3, 3));

    // 创建原图窗口并显示
    namedWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, g_srcImage);

    //创建滚动条
    createTrackbar(" 阈值:", WINDOW_NAME1, &g_nThresh, g_maxThresh, on_ThreshChange);
    on_ThreshChange(0, 0);//调用一次进行初始化

    waitKey(0);
    return(0);
}

//-----------------------------------【thresh_callback( )函数】----------------------------------  
//      描述：回调函数
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
void on_ThreshChange(int, void*)
{
    // 对图像进行二值化，控制阈值
    threshold(g_grayImage, g_thresholdImage_output, g_nThresh, 255, THRESH_BINARY);

    // 寻找轮廓
    findContours(g_thresholdImage_output, g_vContours, g_vHierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, Point(0, 0));

    // 遍历每个轮廓，寻找其凸包
    vector<vector<Point> >hull(g_vContours.size());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
    {
        convexHull(Mat(g_vContours[i]), hull[i], false);
    }

    // 绘出轮廓及其凸包
    Mat drawing = Mat::zeros(g_thresholdImage_output.size(), CV_8UC3);
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < g_vContours.size(); i++)
    {
        Scalar color = Scalar(g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255), g_rng.uniform(0, 255));
        drawContours(drawing, g_vContours, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
        drawContours(drawing, hull, i, color, 1, 8, vector<Vec4i>(), 0, Point());
    }

    // 显示效果图
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, drawing);
}

HSV学习链接https://blog.csdn.net/coldwindha/article/details/82080176

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/xingkongcanghai/p/11193804.html