一、积累
1.hood
2.peripheral
3.gallery
4.cord
5.cart
6.permanent
7.democratic
8.republican
9.bride
10.jet-lagged
11.vet
12.lease
13.landlord
14.aisle
15.lousy
16.via
17.order in
18.forecast
19.initiation
20.credit
二、练习
1.牛津原译
Hood /hʊd/
1. a part of a coat, etc. that you can pull up to cover the back and top of your head
风帽，兜帽（外衣的一部分，可拉起蒙住头颈）
- a jacket with a detachable hood
有可拆卸风帽的夹克
2. a piece of cloth put over somebody's face and head so that they cannot be recognized or so that they cannot see
（布质）面罩
3. a piece of colored silk or fur worn over an academic gown to show the kind of degree held by the person wearing it
学位连领帽（表示学位种类）
4. (especially BrE) a folding cover over a car, etc.
（汽车等的）折叠式车篷
- We drove all the way with the hood down.
我们一路上敞着车篷开车。
5. (NAmE)
= bonnet (2)
6. a cover placed over a device or machine, for example, to protect it
（设备或机器的）防护罩，罩
- a lens hood
镜头遮光罩
- an extractor hood (one that removes cooking smells from a kitchen)
（厨房）排气罩
7. (especially NAmE slang)
= hoodlum (1)
8. ('hood) (slang) (especially NAmE) a neighborhood, especially a person's own neighborhood
街区；邻里；左邻右舍
peripheral /pəˈrɪfərəl/
1. (formal) not as important as the main aim, part, etc. of something次要的；附带的
- peripheral information辅助信息
- Fund-raising is peripheral to their main activities.
对他们的主要活动而言，筹集资金是次要的。
2. (technical) connected with the outer edge of a particular area
外围的；周边的
- the peripheral nervous system周围神经系统
- peripheral vision周边视觉
3. (computing) (of equipment) connected to a computer
与计算机相连的
- a peripheral device外围设备
- monitors, printers and other peripherals显示器、打印机及其他外围设备
DERIVATIVES
Peripherally /pəˈrɪfərəli/
adv.a piece of equipment that is connected to a computer
外围设备；周边设备
Gallery /ˈɡæləri/ (pl. -ies)
1. a room or building for showing works of art, especially to the public
（艺术作品的）陈列室，展览馆；画廊
- an art/a picture gallery美术馆；绘画陈列室
- the National Gallery国家美术馆
- see also art gallery
2. a small private shop/store where you can see and buy works of art私家画店
3. an upstairs area at the back or sides of a large hall where people can sit
（大厅的）楼座，楼上旁听席
- Relatives of the victim watched from the public gallery as the murder charge was read out in court.
法庭宣读谋杀指控时受害者的亲属在公共旁听席观看。
- see also press gallery
4. the highest level in a theatre where the cheapest seats are
（剧场中票价最低的）顶层楼座
5. a long narrow room, especially one used for a particular purpose
长廊；走廊；柱廊
- see also shooting gallery
6. a level passage under the ground in a mine or cave（矿坑或洞穴中的）水平巷道
IDIOMS
PLAY TO THE GALLERY
to behave in an exaggerated way to attract people's attention
哗众取宠；行为惹人注目
Cord /kɔːd/
1. [uncountable] strong thick string or thin rope; a piece of this
（结实的）粗线，细绳；一根粗线（或细绳）
- a piece/length of cord一根╱一段粗线
- picture cord (= used for hanging pictures)画的挂绳
- a silk bag tied with a gold cord用金线捆扎的丝绸包
2. [countable] (especially NAmE) = flex
- an electrical cord电线
- telephone cord电话线
- see also cordless
3. [uncountable]= corduroy
- a cord jacket灯芯绒夹克
4. cords (also old-fashioned also corduroys) [plural] trousers/pants made of corduroy
灯芯绒裤子
- a pair of cords一条灯芯绒裤子
- see also spinal cord, umbilical cord, vocal cords
Cart /kɑːrt/
1. a vehicle with two or four wheels that is pulled by a horse and used for carrying loads（两轮或四轮）运货马车
- a horse and cart一套马车
2. (also handcart) a light vehicle with wheels that you pull or push by hand
手推车；手拉车
3. (NAmE)= trolley
- a shopping/baggage cart购物╱行李车
- a serving cart上菜手推车
4. (NAmE)= buggy(1)
- a golf cart高尔夫球具车
IDIOMS:
- put the cart before the horse
本末倒置；因果倒置
1. [usually + adv./prep.] to carry something in a cart or other vehicle
用马车运送；用车装运
- The rubbish is then carted away for recycling.
垃圾接着被运去作回收处理.
2. [+ adv./prep.] (informal) to carry something that is large, heavy, or awkward in your hands
用手提（笨重物品）
- We had to cart our luggage up six flights of stairs.
我们得把行李提着上六段楼梯.
3. [+ adv./prep.] (informal) to take somebody somewhere, especially with difficulty
强行带走；抓走
- The demonstrators were carted off to the local police station.
示威游行者被强行带到当地的警察局.
Permanent /ˈpɜːrmənənt/
- lasting for a long time or for all time in the future; existing all the time
永久的；永恒的；长久的
- a permanent job固定工作
- permanent staff固定职工
- They are now living together on a permanent basis.他们现在决定长期同住。
- The accident has not done any permanent damage.
那场事故没有造成什么永久性损伤。
- a permanent fixture (a person or an object that is always in a particular place)
固定于某处的人员╱东西
OPP impermanent temporary
DERIVATIVES:
- permanently (adv.)
- The stroke left his right side permanently damaged.
中风使他的右半身永久受损。
- She had decided to settle permanently in France.
她已经决定永久定居法国.
- (NAmE old-fashioned) perm (n.)
Democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/
1. (of a country, state, system, etc.) controlled by representatives who are elected by the people of a country; connected with this system
民主的；民主政体的；民主制度的
- a democratic country民主国家
- a democratic system民主制度
- democratic government民主政府
2. based on the principle that all members have an equal right to be involved in running an organization, etc.民主管理的
- democratic participation民主参与
- a democratic decision民主决策
3. based on the principle that all members of society are equal rather than divided by money or social class有民主精神的；平等的
- a democratic society 民主社会
- democratic reforms民主改革
4. Democratic (abbr. Dem., D) connected with the Democratic party in the US
（美国）民主党的
- the Democratic senator from Oregon
（美国）俄勒冈州的民主党参议员
DERIVATIVES:
- democratically (adv.)
- a democratically elected government 民主选举的政府
- democratically controlled民主监管的
- The decision was taken democratically.这是通过民主讨论作出的决策.
Republican /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/
1. a person who supports a form of government with a president and politicians elected by the people with no king or queen拥护共和政体的人；共和主义者
——compare royalist
2. Republican (abbr. R, Rep.) a member or supporter of the Republican Party
共和党党员；共和党的支持者
——compare democrat(2)
3. Republican
a person from Northern Ireland who believes that Northern Ireland should be part of the Republic of Ireland and not part of the United Kingdom
北爱尔兰共和主义者（认为北爱尔兰应脱离英国回归爱尔兰共和国）
——compare loyalist(2)
1. connected with or like a republic; supporting the principles of a republic
共和国的；共和政体的；拥护共和政体的
- a republican government/movement
共和政体╱运动
2. (also Republican) (abbr. R, Rep.) connected with the Republican Party
3. (also Republican) connected with or supporting the Republicans in Northern Ireland
北爱尔兰共和主义者的；支持北爱尔兰共和主义者的
DERIVATIVES:
- republican ism (also Republicanism) [U]
- a strong commitment to Republicanism
对共和主义的强烈的信念
Bride /braɪd/
1. a woman on her wedding day, or just before or just after it
新娘；即将（或刚刚）结婚的女子
- a toast to the bride and groom向新娘新郎祝酒
- He introduced his new bride.他介绍了他的新娘。
Lag /læɡ/(-gg-)
1. [V] ~ (behind sb/sth) ~ (behind) to move or develop slowly or more slowly than other people, organizations, etc.
缓慢移动；发展缓慢；滞后；落后于
SYN trail
- The little boy lagged behind his parents.那小男孩落在了父母的后面。
- We still lag far behind many of our competitors in using modern technology.
我们在运用现代技术方面仍然远远落后于我们的许多竞争对手。
2. [VN] ~ sth (with sth) (BrE) to cover pipes, etc. with a special material to stop the water in them from freezing, or to save heat
给（管道等）加防冻保暖层
SYN insulate = time lag
——see also jet lag old lag
Vet /vet/
1. (especially BrE) (NAmE usually also vet·er·in·ar·ian) (also formal also BrE also ˈveterinary surgeon) a person who has been trained in the science of animal medicine, whose job is to treat animals who are sick or injured
兽医
2. vet's the place where a vet works
兽医诊所
- I've got to take the dog to the vet's tomorrow.
明天我得把狗带到兽医诊所去诊治。
3. (NAmE, informal) = veteran
老兵
- a Vietnam vet
参加过越战的老兵
Lease /liːs/
a legal agreement that allows you to use a building, a piece of equipment or some land for a period of time, usually in return for rent
（房屋、设备或土地的）租约，租契
- to take out a lease on a house
办理房屋租约
- The lease expires/runs out next year.
这份租约明年到期。
- Under the terms of the lease, you have to pay maintenance charges.
按租约的条款，你得支付维修费。
IDIOMS 习语
1. a (ˌnew) lease of ˈlife (BrE) (NAmE also a (ˌnew) lease on ˈlife)
the chance to live or last longer, or with a better quality of life
延年益寿；生活质量更好
- Since her hip operation she's had a new lease of life.
她自髋关节手术以后活得更有劲了。
[+VN] to use or let sb use sth, especially property or equipment, in exchange for rent or a regular payment
租用，租借，出租（尤指房地产或设备）
- They lease the land from a local farmer.
他们从当地一位农场主手中租得这块土地。
- We lease all our computer equipment.
我们所有的计算机设备都是租来的。
- Parts of the building are leased out to tenants.
这栋大楼有一部分租出去了。
DERIVATIVES 派生词
leasing [U]
• car leasing汽车租赁
• a leasing company租赁公司
land·lord /ˈlændlɔːd/
noun
1. a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc.
业主；地主；房东
2. (BrE) a man who owns or manages a pub or a guest house
（酒吧或招待所的）店主，老板
— compare landlady
Aisle /aɪl/
noun
a passage between rows of seats in a church, theatre, train, etc., or between rows of shelves in a supermarket
（教堂、戏院、火车等座位间或超级市场货架间的）走道，过道
- an aisle seat (= in a plane)
（飞机上）紧靠过道的座位
- Coffee and tea are in the next aisle.
咖啡和茶在下一个走道处。
— compare gangway
IDIOMS 习语
1. GO/WALK DOWN THE AISLE
(informal) to get married
结婚
— more at roll verb
Lousy /ˈlaʊzi/ adjective
(informal)
1. very bad
非常糟的；极坏的；恶劣的
SYN awful, terrible
- What lousy weather!这天气真糟糕！
- She felt lousy (= ill).她觉得很不舒服。
2. [only before noun] used to show that you feel annoyed or insulted because you do not think that something is worth very much
（认为某物无太大价值而不满或感到受辱）讨厌的，倒霉的
- All she bought me was this lousy T-shirt.
她给我买的就这件破T恤。
3. ~ with sth/sb (NAmE) having too much of something or too many people
（某事物或人）太多的
- This place is lousy with tourists in August.
在八月份，这个地方挤满游人。
Forecast /ˈfɔːkɑːst/
noun
a statement about what will happen in the future, based on information that is available now预测；预报
- sales forecasts销售预测
- The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers.
预报间晴，有阵雨。
verb
forecast (fore·cast) (fore·cast·ed) (fore·cast·ed)
to say what you think will happen in the future based on information that you have now预测；预报
[transitive verb]
- Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.专家预测经济将复苏.
- Snow is forecast for tomorrow.预报明天有雪.
- Temperatures were forecast to reach 40°C.预报温度将达40摄氏度.
[intransitive verb that]
- The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.
报告预测下月物价将上涨3%.
Initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn/
noun [uncountable]
1. the act of someone becoming a member of a group, often with a special ceremony; the act of introducing someone to an activity or skill
（常指通过特别仪式的）入会；介绍某人初试某活动（或技艺）
- an initiation ceremony入会仪式
- her initiation into the world of marketing她的初次涉足营销界
2. (formal) the act of starting something
开始；创始；发起
- the initiation of criminal proceedings提起刑事诉讼
credit /ˈkredɪt/
BUY NOW–PAY LATER 赊购
1.[ U]an arrangement that you make, with a shop/store for example, to pay later for sth you buy赊购；赊欠
•to get/refuse credit 允许╱拒绝赊购
•We bought the dishwasher on credit .我们赊购了一台洗碗机。
•to offer interest-free credit (= allow sb to pay later, without any extra charge)
提供免息赊购
•a credit agreement信贷协定
•credit facilities/terms 信贷业务；赊欠期
•Your credit limit is now ￡2 000.你的信用额度现在为2 000英镑。
•He's a bad credit risk (= he is unlikely to pay the money later) .
他有欠账不还的危险。
——comparehire purchase
MONEY BORROWED 借款
2.[ UC]money that you borrow from a bank; a loan（从银行借的）借款；贷款
•The bank refused further credit to the company.
银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。
3.[ U]the status of being trusted to pay back money to sb who lends it to you（借钱偿还的）信誉，信用
•Her credit isn't good anywhere now.她借钱不还，弄得声名狼藉。
MONEY IN BANK 银行存款
4.[ U]if you or your bank account are in credit , there is money in the account结余
5.[ CU]a sum of money paid into a bank account; a record of the payment（付入银行账户的）存款金额，贷记
•a credit of ￡5050英镑的贷记
•You'll be paid by direct credit into your bank account.
给你的付款将直接贷记你方银行账户。
OPP debit
MONEY BACK 返回的钱
6.[ CU]( technical 术语)a payment that sb has a right to for a particular reason有权索要的款项
•a tax credit课税扣除
PRAISE 赞扬
7.[ U]~ (for sth)praise or approval because you are responsible for sth good that has happened赞扬；称赞；认可
•He's a player who rarely seems to get the credit he deserves.
他这个选手好像很少得到应得的赞扬。
•I can't take all the credit for the show's success—it was a team effort.
演出成功不能都算成我一个人的功劳，这是集体努力的结果。
•We did all the work and she gets all the credit!
工作都是我们干的，而功劳却都归了她！
•Credit will be given in the exam for good spelling and grammar.
考试中拼写和语法出色者将受到表扬。
•At least give him credit for trying (= praise him because he tried, even if he did not succeed) .至少该表扬他尝试过。
——compareblamediscredit
8.[ sing.]~ to sb/stha person or thing whose qualities or achievements are praised and who therefore earns respect for sb/sth else为…赢得荣誉的人（或事物）
•She is a credit to the school.她为学校赢得了荣誉。
ON MOVIE/TV PROGRAMME 电影；电视节目
9.[ Cusually pl.]the act of mentioning sb who worked on a project such as a film/movie or a television programme（电影或电视节目演职人员的）片头字幕，片尾字幕
•She was given a programme credit for her work on the costumes for the play.
她为这出戏准备服装，被列入剧目制作人员名单。
•The credits (= the list of all the people involved) seemed to last almost as long as the film!演职人员字幕持续的时间几乎与这部电影一样长！
UNIT OF STUDY 学习单元
10.[ C]a unit of study at a college or university (in the US, also at a school); the fact of having successfully completed a unit of study（大学，以及美国中小学的）学习单元；学分
•My math class is worth three credits.我的数学课为三个学分。
IDIOMS 习语
1.do sb creditdo credit to sb/sth
if sth does credit to a person or an organization, they deserve to be praised for it使值得赞扬（或表扬）
•Your honesty does you great credit.你的诚实值得大大表扬。
2.have sth to your credit
to have achieved sth完成；取得
•He's only 30, and he already has four novels to his credit.他年仅30岁，却已著有四部小说。
3.on the ˈcredit side
used to introduce the good points about sb/sth, especially after the bad points have been mentioned（尤用于提及缺点之后）就优点方面而言
4.to sb's credit
making sb deserve praise or respect使值得赞扬；使受尊重
•To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。
PUT MONEY IN BANK 往银行存钱
1.[ VN] ~ A (with B)~ B (to A)to add an amount of money to sb's bank account（给银行账户）存入金额；把…记入贷方；贷记（银行账户）
•Your account has been credited with $50 000.已把5万元存入你的账户。
•$50 000 has been credited to your account.已把5万元存入你的账户。
OPPdebit
WITH ACHIEVEMENT 成就
2.[ VN] [ usually passive]~ A with B~ B to Ato believe or say that sb is responsible for doing sth, especially sth good认为是…的功劳；把…归于
•The company is credited with inventing the industrial robot.
发明工业机器人是那家公司的功劳。
•The invention of the industrial robot is credited to the company.
工业机器人的发明应归功于那家公司。
•All the contributors are credited on the title page.
所有撰稿人的姓名均刊登在扉页上。
WITH QUALITY 品质
3.[ VN] ~ A with Bto believe that sb/sth has a particular good quality or feature认为…有（良好的品质或特点）
•I credited you with a little more sense.我认为你更有见识。
4.[ VN] [ usually passive]~ sb/sth as sthto believe that sb/sth is of a particular type or quality认为…属（某种类或性质）
•The cheetah is generally credited as the world's fastest animal.
普遍认为猎豹是世界上跑得最快的动物。
BELIEVE 相信
5.( BrE ) ( used mainly in questions and negative sentences主要用于疑问句和否定句 ) to believe sth, especially sth surprising or unexpected相信（尤指令人惊奇或意外的事物）
[ VN]
•He's been promoted—would you credit it?他被提升了，你相信吗？
[ alsoV wh-alsoV that ]
2.听写
3.默写
4.翻译
1. hood - She pulled up her hood to protect herself from the rain.
(她拉起兜帽保护自己不被雨淋湿。)
2. peripheral - The company is focusing on peripheral markets to expand its reach.
(公司正在关注外围市场以扩大其范围。)
3. gallery - We visited an art gallery and admired the paintings on display.
(我们参观了一家艺术画廊并欣赏了展出的画作。)
4. cord - He tied the package with a strong cord.
(他用粗绳子捆绑包裹。)
5. cart - She loaded the groceries into the cart and wheeled it to the checkout.
(她把杂货放进手推车里，然后推到收银台。)
6. permanent - They decided to make their temporary arrangement into a permanent one.
(他们决定将临时的安排变成永久的。)
7. democratic - The country transitioned to a democratic form of government after years of dictatorship. (这个国家在经历独裁统治多年后转向民主政体。)
8. republican - The United States is known for its republican form of government.
(美国以其共和政体闻名。)
9. bride - The bride looked stunning in her wedding gown.
(新娘穿着婚纱看起来非常美丽。)
10. jet-lagged - After the long flight, she felt jet-lagged and exhausted.
(长途飞行后，她感到时差不适和疲惫不堪。)
11. vet - The vet examined the sick dog and prescribed medication.
(兽医检查了生病的狗，并开出了药方。)
12. lease - They signed a lease for the apartment and moved in last week.
(他们上周签了一份公寓租约并搬进去了。)
13. landlord - The landlord is responsible for maintaining the property and addressing any issues. (房东负责维护物业并解决任何问题。)
14. aisle - Please move to the side to let others pass through the aisle.
(请让出过道让别人通过。)
15. lousy - The service at the restaurant was lousy, and we won't be going back.
(餐厅的服务很糟糕，我们不会再去了。)
16. via - We can reach the destination via the scenic route.
(我们可以通过风景优美的路线到达目的地。)
17. order in - Let's stay in tonight and order in some food.
(今晚我们呆在家里点些外卖吧。)
18. forecast - The weather forecast predicts heavy rain tomorrow.
(天气预报预测明天有大雨。)
19. initiation - The initiation of the project marked a new phase for the team.
(项目的开始标志着团队进入了一个新阶段。)
20. credit - His good credit allowed him to secure a loan for the new car.
(他的良好信用让他得以为新车获得贷款。)
5.短文理解
In today's modern society, various aspects of our daily lives are intertwined with a diverse range of concepts and terms. From the bustling city streets to the quiet corners of our homes, these words shape our experiences and interactions in profound ways.
Imagine walking down a busy street, the sound of cars honking and people chatting filling the air. You pull up your hood to shield yourself from the drizzling rain, grateful for its protection. As you pass by a peripheral market, vendors display their goods in colorful arrays, inviting you to explore their offerings. Across the street, an art gallery catches your eye, its walls adorned with masterpieces that speak to the soul.
Continuing on your journey, you notice a frayed cord dangling from a lamppost, a reminder of the interconnectedness of our world. Nearby, a cart loaded with fresh produce rolls by, a symbol of sustenance and community. These everyday sights remind you of the permanent nature of change and growth, as time marches forward relentlessly.
Reflecting on the political landscape, you ponder the importance of democratic values in shaping a just society. The ideals of freedom and equality resonate deeply, guiding the path towards progress and unity. In contrast, the principles of a republican government emphasize representation and accountability, balancing power among the people.
As the day draws to a close, you attend a wedding ceremony where a radiant bride walks down the aisle, her joy palpable to all. Amidst the celebration, a vet shares tales of healing and compassion, underscoring the bond between humans and animals. Later, discussions over a lease agreement with a diligent landlord highlight the importance of trust and responsibility in property management.
Before bidding farewell, you take a moment to reflect on the lousy service at a nearby café, a reminder to strive for excellence in all endeavors. Planning your next adventure, you consider the route via scenic landscapes, eager for the journey ahead. Checking the weather forecast, you prepare for the unknown with optimism and resilience.
In every beginning lies the seed of potential, waiting to be nurtured through initiation and dedication. With good credit earned through hard work and integrity, you pave the way for new opportunities and endeavors. Each word, each experience, weaves together a tapestry of life's moments, shaping our individual stories and collective journey towards a brighter future.
在当今的现代社会，我们日常生活的各个方面都与各种各样的概念和术语交织在一起。从熙熙攘攘的城市街道到我们家中安静的角落，这些话语以深刻的方式塑造着我们的经历和互动。
想象一下，走在一条繁忙的街道上，空气中充满了汽车喇叭声和人们聊天的声音。你拉起兜帽为自己遮挡细雨，感激它的保护。当你经过一个外围市场时，小贩们用五颜六色的阵列展示他们的商品，邀请你去探索他们的产品。街对面，一个艺术画廊吸引了你的目光，它的墙上装饰着与灵魂对话的杰作。
继续你的旅程，你注意到一根磨损的电线悬挂在灯柱上，提醒着我们的世界是相互联系的。不远处，一辆满载新鲜农产品的手推车驶过，这是生计和社区的象征。随着时间无情地前进，这些日常的景象提醒着你变化和成长的永恒本质。
反思政治格局，你思考民主价值观在塑造公正社会中的重要性。自由、平等的理想在这里产生了深刻的共鸣，指引着进步和团结的道路。相比之下，共和政府的原则强调代表制和问责制，在人民中平衡权力。
当一天接近尾声时，你参加了一场婚礼，一位容光焕发的新娘走过过道，她的喜悦对所有人都是显而易见的。在庆祝活动中，一位兽医分享了治愈和同情的故事，强调了人与动物之间的联系。后来，与一位勤奋的房东讨论租赁协议，凸显了信任和责任在物业管理中的重要性。
在告别之前，你花了一点时间反思一下附近一家咖啡馆糟糕的服务，这提醒你要在一切努力中追求卓越。在计划下一次冒险时，你考虑着沿途风景优美的路线，渴望着前方的旅程。查看天气预报，你以乐观和适应力为未知做好准备。
每一个开端都埋藏着潜力的种子，等待着通过启蒙和奉献来培育。通过努力工作和诚信赢得良好的信誉，你为新的机会和努力铺平了道路。每一个字，每一次经历，都编织出了生活中各种时刻的挂毯，塑造了我们个人的故事和迈向更光明未来的集体旅程。
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