DAY34--learning English

一、积累

1.listless

2.sanction

3.inflict

4.stung

5.droplet

6.rot

7.soil

8.welfare

9.flock

10.mitigate

11.incubation

12.feces

13.urine

14.odor

15.sprinkle

16.guresome

17.slaughter

18.antibiotic

19.certify

20.tray

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二、练习

1.牛津原译

List·less adj. /ˈlɪstləs/

having no energy or enthusiasm

没有活力的；无精打采的；不热情的

SYN lethargic

• The illness left her feeling listless and depressed.

那场病使她感到虚弱无力，提不起精神。

DERIVATIVES

list·less·ly

adv.list·less·ness n. [ U]

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sanc·tion /ˈsæŋkʃn/

1. [C usually pl.] ~ (against sb)

an official order that limits trade, contact, etc. with a particular country, in order to make it do sth, such as obeying international law

制裁

• Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the

凡拒签该协议的国家均受到贸易制裁。

• The economic sanctions have been lifted.

经济制裁业已取消。

2. [U] (formal) official permission or approval for an action or a change

（正式）许可，批准

SYN authorization

• These changes will require the sanction of the court.

这些变更须经法院认可。

3. [C] ~ (against sth)

a course of action that can be used, if necessary, to make people obey a law or behave in a particular way

制裁；约束；处罚

SYN penalty

• The ultimate sanction will be the closure of the restaurant.

最严厉的处罚将是关闭这家餐馆.

[VN]

1. (formal) to give permission for sth to take place

许可；准许；准予

• The government refused to sanction a further cut in interest rates.

政府拒绝批准进一步降低利率.

2. (technical 术语) to punish sb/sth; to impose a sanction on sth

惩罚；实施制裁

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In·flict v. /ɪnˈflɪkt/

[VN] ~ sth (on/upon sb/sth)

to make sb/sth suffer sth unpleasant

使遭受打击；使吃苦头

• They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team.

他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。

• They surveyed the damage inflicted by the storm.

他们察看了暴风雨造成的损失。

• Heavy casualties were inflicted on the enemy.

敌人遭受了惨重伤亡。

(humorous)

• Do you have to inflict that music on us?

你非得逼我们听那种音乐吗？

PHRASAL VERBS

1. INˈFLICT YOURSELF/SB ON SB

(often humorous) to force sb to spend time with you/sb, when they do not want to

不请自来；打扰

• Sorry to inflict myself on you again like this!

对不起，又这么打扰你了！

• She inflicted her nephew on them for the weekend.

她把侄儿打发到他们那儿去度周末，真是添乱。

DERIVATIVES

in·flic·tion [U] /ɪnˈflɪkʃn/

n• the infliction of pain

痛苦的施加

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drop·let n.  /ˈdrɒplət/

a small drop of a liquid小滴

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sting /stɪŋ/ (stung /stʌŋ/, stung)

1. (of an insect or plant) to touch your skin or make a very small hole in it so that you feel a sharp pain刺；蜇；叮

[VN]• I was stung on the arm by a wasp.

我的胳膊给黄蜂蜇了一下。

[V]• Be careful of the nettles—they sting!

小心给荨麻扎着—荨麻有刺！

2. to feel, or to make sb feel, a sharp pain in a part of their body

（使）感觉刺痛，感觉灼痛

[V]• I put some antiseptic on the cut and it stung for a moment.

我在割破的地方抹了点抗菌剂，一时间十分刺痛。

• My eyes were stinging from the smoke.烟熏得我眼睛疼。

[VN]• Tears stung her eyes.她流泪流得眼睛疼。

—note at hurt

3. [VN] ~ sb (to/into sth) ~ sb (into doing sth)

to make sb feel angry or upset激怒；使不安

• He was stung by their criticism.

他们的批评使他心烦意乱。

• Their cruel remarks stung her into action.

他们伤人的话激怒了她，使她不得不采取行动。

• They launched a stinging attack on the government.

他们对政府进行了猛烈的抨击。

4. [VN] [often passive] ~ sb (for sth) (informal)

to charge sb more money than they expected; to charge sb who did not expect to pay

对（某人）敲竹杠；敲诈；欺诈

• I got stung for a £100 meal.

我挨宰了，一顿饭吃了100英镑。

PHRASAL VERBS

1. ˈsting sb for sth (BrE informal)

to borrow money from sb

向某人借钱

sting /stɪŋ/

1. (NAmE also sting·er) [C] the sharp pointed part of an insect or creature that can go into the skin leaving a small, painful and sometimes poisonous wound

（昆虫的）螫针，刺；（植物的）刺，刺毛

• The sting of a bee can be painful.

• The scorpion has a sting in its tail.

2. [C] a wound that is made when an insect, a creature or a plant stings you

刺伤；蜇伤；叮伤

• A wasp or bee sting is painful but not necessarily serious.

3. [U] any sharp pain in your body or mind

（身体或心灵的）剧痛，痛苦

• The sting of salt in a wound can be excruciating.

• He smiled at her, trying to take the sting out of his words.

4. [C] (NAmE) a clever secret plan by the police to catch criminals

（警察为抓捕罪犯而设的）圈套

• The police set up a sting operation to catch the burglars.

5. [C] (especially NAmE) a clever plan by criminals to cheat people out of a lot of money

（罪犯诈骗钱财的）骗局，诡计

IDIOMS

1. a sting in the tail

(informal) an unpleasant feature that comes at the end of a story, an event, etc. and spoils it

煞风景的结局

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Welfare /ˈwelfeə(r)/

[ U]

1. the general health, happiness and safety of a person, an animal or a group

（个体或群体的）幸福，安全与健康

   SYN well-being

   • We are concerned about the child's welfare.

   我们关注那个孩子的福祉。

2. practical or financial help that is provided, often by the government, for people or animals that need it

（政府给予的）福利

   • The state is still the main provider of welfare.

   政府仍然是福利的主要提供者。

   • child welfare

   儿童福利

   • a social welfare programme

   社会福利计划

   • welfare provision/services/work

   福利供给╱机构╱工作

3. (especially NAmE) = social security(1)

• They would rather work than live on welfare.

他们宁愿工作而不愿靠社会保障金过活。

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Rot /rɒt/

(-tt-)

**to decay, or make sth decay, naturally and gradually**

（使）腐烂，腐败变质

[ V]

• rotting leaves

渐渐腐烂的叶子

• The window frame had rotted away completely.

窗框已经完全烂掉了.

(figurative)

• prisoners thrown in jail and left to rot

投入大牢后就无人过问的囚犯

[ VN]

• Too much sugar will rot your teeth.

吃糖太多，就会出现蛀牙.

**—see also**

rotten adj. (1) [ U]

1. **the process or state of decaying and falling apart**

腐烂；腐败变质

• The wood must not get damp as rot can quickly result.

木头不能受潮，否则很快就会烂掉.

**—see also**

dry rot wet rot

2. **the rot**

used to describe the fact that a situation is getting worse

形势恶化

• The rot set in last year when they reorganized the department.

去年他们重组这个部门时，衰败就开始了.

• The team should manage to stop the rot if they play well this week.

如果球队本周比赛表现好，他们应该能够阻止形势的恶化.

3. **(old-fashioned) (BrE)**

nonsense; silly things that sb says

废话；胡说

SYN rubbish

• Don't talk such rot!别说废话！

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Flock /flɒk/

1. [ C+sing./pl.v.]

   a group of sheep, goats or birds of the same type

   （羊或鸟）群

   ——compare herd

2. [ C+sing./pl.v.]

   a large group of people, especially of the same type

   （尤指同类人的）一大群

   • a flock of children/reporters

   一大群儿童╱记者

   • They came in flocks to see the procession.

   他们成群结队来看游行队伍。

3. [ C+sing./pl.v.] ( literary)

   the group of people who regularly attend the church of a particular priest, etc.

   （常跟随某圣职人员等学习的）信众

4. [ U]small pieces of soft material used for filling cushions, chairs, etc.

   （填充垫子、椅子等的）小块软填料

5. [ U]small pieces of soft material on the surface of paper or cloth that produce a raised pattern

   （植绒用的）短绒，绒屑

   • flock wallpaper植绒墙纸

Sure! Here is the reformatted text for the word "flock":

**flock**/flɒk/

**to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers**

群集；聚集；蜂拥

[ V+ adv./prep.]

• Thousands of people flocked to the beach this weekend.

  这个周末有好几千人蜂拥到了海滩。 

• Huge numbers of birds had flocked together by the lake.

  成群的鸟聚集在湖边。

 

[ V to inf]

• People flocked to hear him speak.

  人们成群结队地去听他演讲。

**IDM see bird**

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Mitigate /ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt/

**[ VN] (formal)**

to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.

减轻；缓和

**SYN** alleviate

• Action to mitigate poverty

  减轻贫穷的行动

• Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees.

  植树造林减轻了土壤侵蚀。

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fecal, feces

( NAmE )

= faecal faeces

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Incubation /ˌɪŋkjuˈbeɪʃn/

1. [ U]the hatching of eggs孵（卵）；孵化

2. (medical/biology)

   [C] (also incuˈbation period)

   the time between someone being infected with a disease and the appearance of the first symptoms (= signs)

   （传染病的）潜伏期

3. [ U] (biology)

   the development and growth of bacteria, etc.

   （细菌等的）繁殖

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Urine/ˈjʊərɪn/ /ˈjʊəraɪn/

(especially in BrE informal wee)

[ U]

the waste liquid that collects in the bladder and that you pass from your body尿；小便

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Sprinkle /ˈsprɪŋkl/

1. [ VN] ~ A on/onto/over B

   to shake small pieces of something or drops of a liquid on something

   撒；洒；把…撒（或洒）在…上

   • She sprinkled sugar over the strawberries.

     她在草莓上撒了点糖。

   • She sprinkled the strawberries with sugar.

     她在草莓上撒了点糖。

   • Sprinkle chocolate on top of the cake.

     给蛋糕洒上巧克力.

2. [ VN] [usually passive] ~ sth with sth

   to include a few of something in something else

   使某物包含少量的另一物；用…点缀

   **SYN** strew

   • His poems are sprinkled with quotations from ancient Greek.

     他的诗歌不时穿插有古希腊引文。

3. [ V] (NAmE)

   if it sprinkles, it rains lightly

   下小雨

   **SYN** drizzle

   • It's only sprinkling. We can still go out.

     雨不大，我们还可以出去.

   • Add a sprinkle of cheese and serve.

     再撒点奶酪，然后端上桌.

4. (especially NAmE)

   light rain

   小雨

   • We've only had a few sprinkles (of rain) recently.

     近来我们这里只下过几场小雨.

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Gruesome/ˈɡruːsəm/*adjective*

very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury令人厌恶的；恐怖的；可怕的

• a gruesome murder骇人听闻的谋杀案

• gruesome pictures of dead bodies恐怖的死人照片

*(humorous)*

• We spent a week in a gruesome apartment in Miami.

  我们在迈阿密一套糟糕透顶的公寓里住了一星期.

*DERIVATIVES* (派生词)

grue·some·ly*adverb*

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Slaughter /ˈslɔːtə(r)/

*[uncountable]*

1. the killing of animals for their meat

   屠宰；宰杀

   • cows taken for slaughter

     待宰奶牛

2. the cruel killing of large numbers of people at one time, especially in a war

   （尤指战争中的）屠杀，杀戮

   **SYN** massacre

   • the wholesale slaughter of innocent people

     对无辜民众的大规模杀戮

*IDM* see lamb

[ VN]

1. to kill an animal, usually for its meat

   屠宰；宰杀

   **SYN** butcher

2. to kill a large number of people or animals violently

   屠杀；杀戮

   **SYN** massacre

   • Men, women and children were slaughtered and villages destroyed.

     村庄被毁，男人、女人和儿童惨遭杀戮。

3. (informal) to defeat somebody/something by a large number of points in a sports game, competition, etc.

   （在体育比赛等竞赛中）大比分击败，使惨败

   • We were slaughtered 10-1 by the home team.

     我们以1:10惨败给主队。

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Antibiotic /ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/

*[usually plural]*

*noun*

a substance, for example penicillin, that can destroy or prevent the growth of bacteria and cure infections

抗菌素；抗生素（如青霉素）

• The doctor put her on antibiotics (= told her to take them).

    医生要她服用抗生素。

*DERIVATIVES* (派生词)

antibiotic*adjective*

• an antibiotic drug

  抗菌素药

• effective antibiotic treatment

  有效的抗生素治疗

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Tray **/treɪ/

1. a flat piece of wood, metal or plastic with raised edges, used for carrying or holding things, especially food

   盘；托盘；碟

   • He brought her breakfast in bed on a tray.

     他把早餐用托盘给她送到床上。

   • She came in with a tray of drinks.

     她端着一托盘饮料走进来。

   • a tea tray

     茶盘

2. (often in compounds)

   a shallow plastic box, used for various purposes

   （各种用途的）浅塑料盒

   • a seed tray (for planting seeds in)

     育苗盘

   • a cat's litter tray

     猫的便盆

[see also: baking sheet, in tray, out tray]

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2.听写

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3.默写

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4.翻译

1. She felt listless after staying up all night studying.

(无精打采的，倦怠的) - 她熬夜学习后感到无精打采。

2. The government imposed economic sanctions on the country.

(制裁) - 政府对该国实施了经济制裁。

3. The punishment inflicted on him was severe.

(施加，造成) - 对他施加的惩罚非常严厉。

4. The bee stung me on the arm.

(蜇伤) - 蜜蜂在我的手臂上蜇了我一下。

5. A droplet of water fell from the leaf.

(小滴，微滴) - 一滴水从叶子上落下来。

6. The fruit had started to rot.

(腐烂) - 水果开始腐烂了。

7. The soil in this area is very fertile.

(土壤) - 这个地区的土壤非常肥沃。

8. The government provides welfare benefits to low-income families.

(福利) - 政府向低收入家庭提供福利待遇。

9. A flock of birds flew across the sky.

(群，鸟群) - 一群鸟飞过了天空。

10. Planting trees can help mitigate the effects of climate change.

(减轻，缓解) - 种树可以帮助减轻气候变化的影响。

11. The incubation period for this disease is approximately two weeks.

(孵化，潜伏期) - 这种疾病的潜伏期约为两周。

12. The dog left its feces on the sidewalk.

(粪便) - 狗在人行道上留下了粪便。

13. She provided a urine sample for the medical test.

(尿液) - 她提供了尿液样本进行医学检查。

14. A foul odor filled the room.

(气味) - 房间里弥漫着一股难闻的气味。

15. Please sprinkle some salt on the dish.

(撒，洒) - 请在菜肴上撒些盐。

16. The horror movie had some gruesome scenes.

(可怕的，恶心的) - 那部恐怖电影有一些恶心的场景。

17. The mass slaughter of innocent animals is unacceptable.

(屠杀) - 对无辜动物的大规模屠杀是不可接受的。

18. The doctor prescribed an antibiotic to treat the infection.

(抗生素) - 医生开了抗生素来治疗感染。

19. The document needs to be certified before it can be used as evidence.

(证明，认证) - 这份文件在作为证据之前需要得到认证。

20. She served tea on a tray. (托盘) - 她用托盘上了茶。

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