交通灯电路及verilog实现（状态机）

一、功能

功能描述 ：

1 ）初始状态：主路绿灯、支路红灯；

2 ）检测到支路有车 (X=1)，灯状态的变化过程为：

        ①主路变黄灯、支路红灯

        ②主路变红灯、支路红灯

        ③主路红灯、支路变绿灯

3）当支路没车(X=0)，灯状态的变化过程为：

        ①主路红灯、支路绿灯

        ②主路红灯、 支路变黄灯

        ③主路绿灯、支路变红灯

道路示意图如下:

二、状态分析

对于以上转换过程，可以采用状态机电路来描述：

状态描述：

S0:主路绿灯亮，支路红灯亮; 检测到支路有车 (X=1), 进入 S1;

S1:主路黄灯亮，支路红灯亮, 延时进入 S2 ；

S2:主路红灯亮，支路红灯亮, 延时进入 S3 ；

S3:主路红灯亮，支路绿灯亮；检测到支路没车(X=0)进入S4;

S4:主路红灯亮，支路黄灯亮；延时进入S0；

S0:主路绿灯亮，支路红灯亮

 三、verilog实现

用三段式状态机实现交通灯电路，设计和TB代码如下：

// Design Name: traffic_light
// Module Name: traffic_light               
// Description:  ↓ ↓ ↓
// Create Date: 2022/3/28

/*

state:
s0: main-green,     branch-red,     when x=1    s0->s1
s1: main-yellow,    branch-red,     delay       s1->s2
s2: main-red,       branch-red,     delay       s2->s3
s3: main-red,       branch-green,   when x=0    s3->s4
s4: main-red,       branch-yellow,  delay       s4->s1

port:
input:  clk,rst_n,x
output: main, branch

*/


`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module traffic_light(
    input   clk,
    input   rst_n,
    input   x,
    output  reg [1:0] main,
    output  reg [1:0] branch
);

parameter   green   = 2'd1,
           	yellow  = 2'd2,
			red     = 2'd3;

parameter   s0 = 3'd0,
            s1 = 3'd1,
            s2 = 3'd2,
            s3 = 3'd3,
            s4 = 3'd4;


reg [3:0] state;
reg [3:0] next_state;

//state transfer
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
    if(!rst_n)
        state <= s0;
    else
        state <= next_state;
end

//transfer logic
always @(*)begin
    case(state)
        s0:                 next_state = x ? s1 : s0;
        s1:         #600    next_state = s2;
        s2:         #600    next_state = s3;
        s3:                 next_state = x ? s3 : s4;
        s4:         #600    next_state = s0;
        default:            next_state = state;
     endcase
end

//output
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
    if(!rst_n)begin
        main    <= green;
        branch  <= red;
    end
    else begin
        case(state)
        s0:         begin       main <= green;        branch <= red;       end
        s1:         begin       main <= yellow;       branch <= red;       end
        s2:         begin       main <= red;          branch <= red;       end
        s3:         begin       main <= red;          branch <= green;     end
        s4:         begin       main <= red;          branch <= yellow;    end
        default:    begin       main <= green;        branch <= red;       end
        endcase
    end
end

endmodule

testbench：

`timescale 1ns / 1ps

module tb_traffic_light();

parameter period = 10; //100mhz

reg     clk;
reg     rst_n;
reg     x;
wire    [1:0] main;
wire    [1:0] branch;

always #(period/2) clk = ~clk;

initial begin
    clk = 1'b0;
    rst_n = 1'b0;
    x = 0;
    #60
    rst_n = 1'b1;
    #1234
    x = 1;
    #1234
    x = 0;
end


traffic_light u_traffic_light(clk,rst_n,x,main,branch);


endmodule

 四、仿真&综合

仿真结果：

综合结果：