1:概述
打算总结一下linux内核中的一些机制,所以建立了一个字符设备的模板,本驱动中申请一个1k的内存当作全局变量,应用程序操作的对象都是这个1k内存;
2:驱动分析
2.1:驱动的私有数据
buff指针指向1k内存的起始地址,current_len描述内存中的有效数据长度,写进程写数据,current_len增加,读进程读数据,current_len减小,当current_len为正,有数据可读,当current_len为0,内存中无数据更新,读进程返回0;
//申明驱动数据结构
struct hello_dev
{
char *buff; //内存的起始地址
int current_len; //内存中的有效数据长度
struct semaphore sem; //用于防止并发的信号量
struct cdev cdev; //字符设备结构
};
2.2:文件操作集合
/*字符设备文件操作结构体*/
static struct file_operations hello_device_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = hello_llseek,
.read = hello_read,
.write = hello_write,
.compat_ioctl = hello_ioctl,
.open = hello_open,
.release = hello_release,
};
2.3:代码分享
hello.c驱动文件
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#define HELLO_MEM_LENGTH 1024
#define CLEAR_MEM 0xff
//申明驱动数据结构
struct hello_dev
{
char *buff; //内存的起始地址
int current_len; //内存中的有效数据长度
struct semaphore sem; //用于防止并发的信号量
struct cdev cdev; //字符设备结构
};
/*主设备号和次设备号变量*/
static int hello_major = 0;
static int hello_minor = 0;
/*定义设备私有结构体指针*/
static struct hello_dev *hello_dev = NULL;
static struct class *hello_class = NULL;
static loff_t hello_llseek (struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
struct hello_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
loff_t newpos = 0;
switch(whence)
{
case 0: //SEEK_SET
newpos = offset;
break;
case 1: //SEEK_CUR
newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
break;
case 2: //SEEK_END
newpos = HELLO_MEM_LENGTH + offset;
break;
default: //can't happen
return -EINVAL;
break;
}
filp->f_pos = newpos;
if(newpos < 0)
return -EINVAL;
return newpos;
}
static int hello_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct hello_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
switch(cmd)
{
case CLEAR_MEM:
memset(dev->buff,0,HELLO_MEM_LENGTH);
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
break;
}
return 0;
}
static ssize_t hello_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
ssize_t result = 0;
/*取出用户自定义设备结构体*/
struct hello_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
/*信号量使用,用于多个写进程之间互斥以及读进程同步*/
if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem)))
{
return -ERESTARTSYS;
}
/*写界限控制*/
if(*f_pos >= HELLO_MEM_LENGTH)
{
result = 0;
goto out;
}
/*写数据字节数控制*/
if(count > HELLO_MEM_LENGTH - *f_pos)
{
count = HELLO_MEM_LENGTH - *f_pos;
}
/*从用户空间读取count个字节的数据给val变量*/
if(copy_from_user(dev->buff + *f_pos,buf,count))
{
result = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
/*每次跟新pos指针*/
*f_pos += count;
dev->current_len += count;
if(dev->current_len > HELLO_MEM_LENGTH)
{
dev->current_len = HELLO_MEM_LENGTH;
}
result = count;
out:
up(&(dev->sem));
return result;
}
static ssize_t hello_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
ssize_t result = 0;
struct hello_dev *dev = filp->private_data;
if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem)))
{
return -ERESTARTSYS;
}
if(*f_pos > dev->current_len)
goto out;
if(count > dev->current_len - *f_pos)
{
count = dev->current_len - *f_pos;
}
if(copy_to_user(buf,dev->buff + *f_pos,count))
{
result = -EFAULT;
goto out;
}
*f_pos += count;
dev->current_len -= count;
result = count;
out:
up(&(dev->sem));
return result;
}
static int hello_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
struct hello_dev *dev;
/*将文件节点的私有数据指针指向用户自定义的数据结构体,方便read和write方法中使用*/
dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct hello_dev, cdev);
filp->private_data = dev;
if(down_interruptible(&(dev->sem)))
{
return -ERESTARTSYS;
}
//如果内存为申请,申请内存
if(!dev->buff)
{
dev->buff = kmalloc(HELLO_MEM_LENGTH,GFP_KERNEL);
if(!dev->buff)
{
up(&dev->sem);
return -ENOMEM;
}
}
up(&dev->sem);
return 0;
}
/*设备文件释放时调用*/
int hello_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Release dev->buff source\r\n");
return 0;
}
/*字符设备文件操作结构体*/
static struct file_operations hello_device_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = hello_llseek,
.read = hello_read,
.write = hello_write,
.compat_ioctl = hello_ioctl,
.open = hello_open,
.release = hello_release,
};
/*注册字符设备和初始化信号量*/
static int hello_setup_chardev(void)
{
int err;
dev_t devno = 0;
devno = MKDEV(hello_major,hello_minor);
memset(hello_dev,0,sizeof(struct hello_dev));
cdev_init(&(hello_dev->cdev),&hello_device_fops);
hello_dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
hello_dev->cdev.ops = &hello_device_fops;
err = cdev_add(&(hello_dev->cdev),devno,1);
if(err)
{
return err;
}
sema_init(&(hello_dev->sem),1);
return 0;
}
static int __init hello_init(void)
{
int result = 0;
dev_t devno = 0;
struct device *dev = NULL;
/*申请字符设备号*/
if(hello_major)
{
devno = MKDEV(hello_major,hello_minor);
result = register_chrdev_region(devno,1,"hello_device"); /*hello_device是字符设备名字,在proc/devices下可见*/
}
else
{
result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,"hello_device"); /*动态申请一个字符设备,从设备号为0*/
}
if(result < 0)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed register char dev region\n");
goto fail;
}
hello_major = MAJOR(devno);
hello_minor = MINOR(devno);
/*动态分配hello_dev结构体*/
hello_dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct hello_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
if(hello_dev == NULL)
{
result = -ENOMEM;
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed alloc hello_dev\n");
goto unregister;
}
/*注册字符设备,初始化信号量*/
result = hello_setup_chardev();
if(result)
{
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed setup char dev\n");
goto free;
}
/*在sys/class/目录下创建hello目录*/
hello_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"hello");
if(IS_ERR(hello_class))
{
result = PTR_ERR(hello_class);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to create hello class.\n");
goto cdev_destroy;
}
/*在/dev/目录和/sys/class/hello目录下分别创建设备文件hello*/
dev = device_create(hello_class,NULL,devno,NULL,"hello");
if(IS_ERR(dev))
{
result = PTR_ERR(dev);
printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to create hello device.\n");
goto class_destroy;
}
printk(KERN_ALERT "hello char device init ok\n");
return 0;
class_destroy:
class_destroy(hello_class);
cdev_destroy:
cdev_del(&(hello_dev->cdev));
free:
kfree(hello_dev);
unregister:
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
fail:
return result;
}
static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
dev_t devno = 0;
printk(KERN_ALERT "hello char device exit\n");
devno = MKDEV(hello_major,hello_minor);
device_destroy(hello_class,devno);
class_destroy(hello_class);
cdev_del(&(hello_dev->cdev));
kfree(hello_dev->buff);
kfree(hello_dev);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);
}
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("GOLF/FXB,<1029930509@qq.com>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A SIMPLE CHAR DEVICE DRIVER");
Makefile
#Kbuild Makefile
#Kbuild的生成规则,编译对象chardev依赖文件char_device.o文件
#将编译对象hello_word编译成模块
obj-m := hello.o
#hello-objs := hello.o
#ubuntu使用的内核源代码,build是链接文件
KERNEL_DIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
#当前目录
PWD := $(shell pwd)
#首先执行内核源代码中的TOP Makefile文件,设置内核编译环境,再执行用户定义的Kbuile Makefile文件
all:
make -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules
#make clean命令
clean:
rm *.o *.ko *.mod.c *.order *.symvers
#执行"make clean"会无视"clean"文件存在与否。
.PHONY :clean
3:编写测试程序
3.1:加载insmod hello.ko模块,在/dev目录 出现hello节点
3.2:测试程序代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define LENGTH 1024
char buff[LENGTH+1];
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
int cnt = 0;
int fd = 0;
fd = open("/dev/hello",O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0)
perror("file is not found\r\n");
while(1)
{
cnt = read(fd,buff,LENGTH);
if(cnt > 0)
{
buff[cnt] = '\0';
printf("%s",buff);
lseek(fd,0,SEEK_SET);
}
}
}
此应用程序一直去读节点,程序中判断是否有数据读出,如果有数据更新,打印读到的数据;
3.3:编译上述代码,然后运行,此时应用程序相当于一个读进程,然后开启一个写进程,比如:cat demo.c > /dev/hello,此时,观察读进程,窗口会打印出demo.c文件;
4:总结
驱动代码中没有实现阻塞机制,所以应用程序的执行很浪费cpu资源,因为进程一直在while循环去读节点,下一篇博文,将在此驱动模板的基础上,增加read和write的阻塞机制;