RTT之ENV工具

对RTT，还是处于累积的阶段，站在巨人的肩膀上，多看资料，多看源码！

ENV在《关于Kconfig语法在linux中的应用》已经作了番了解，其实linux也是这么做的。但显然ENV除裁减外还有其他作用？

1、构建工程，自动将源码添加到工程

2、解决依赖，自动添加头文件到工程，这两个是通过scons脚本来实现

3、系统裁减，自动生成宏定义到工程，这是通过Kconfig来完成。

基本系统文件间的关系及作用如下图：

 1. 源码、头文件添加相关：SConsturct和SConscript 脚本。
2. 图形配置相关：Kconfig 脚本。
3. 项目工程生成相关：模板工程
4. 编译器配置、内核移植相关：rtconfig.py。

这四部分构成了ENV环境。

1、kconfig裁减实现：

kconfig的对应关系为图形界面：如下图：

2、SConscript依赖实现：

SConstruct与SConscript是SCons的脚本文件，它们共同配合，一起构建工程。一般一个工程中只有唯一的一个SConctruct是，而SConscript可以有很多个。SConctruct有点类似于一个总的枝干包含所有的SConscript，而SConscript是枝杈，一般一个SConscript就是负责把一个独立的模块添加到工程中（比如外设库）。

打开唯一的SConctruct,如下：

import os
import sys
import rtconfig

if os.getenv('RTT_ROOT'):
    RTT_ROOT = os.getenv('RTT_ROOT')
else:
    RTT_ROOT = os.path.normpath(os.getcwd() + '/../../..')

sys.path = sys.path + [os.path.join(RTT_ROOT, 'tools')]
try:
    from building import *
except:
    print('Cannot found RT-Thread root directory, please check RTT_ROOT')
    print(RTT_ROOT)
    exit(-1)

TARGET = 'rt-thread.' + rtconfig.TARGET_EXT

DefaultEnvironment(tools=[])
env = Environment(tools = ['mingw'],
    AS = rtconfig.AS, ASFLAGS = rtconfig.AFLAGS,
    CC = rtconfig.CC, CCFLAGS = rtconfig.CFLAGS,
    AR = rtconfig.AR, ARFLAGS = '-rc',
    CXX = rtconfig.CXX, CXXFLAGS = rtconfig.CXXFLAGS,
    LINK = rtconfig.LINK, LINKFLAGS = rtconfig.LFLAGS)
env.PrependENVPath('PATH', rtconfig.EXEC_PATH)

if rtconfig.PLATFORM == 'iar':
    env.Replace(CCCOM = ['$CC $CCFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $_CPPDEFFLAGS $_CPPINCFLAGS -o $TARGET $SOURCES'])
    env.Replace(ARFLAGS = [''])
    env.Replace(LINKCOM = env["LINKCOM"] + ' --map rt-thread.map')

Export('RTT_ROOT')
Export('rtconfig')
#以上部分都是配置编译器，官方都给弄好了，不用动
SDK_ROOT = os.path.abspath('./')

if os.path.exists(SDK_ROOT + '/libraries'):
    libraries_path_prefix = SDK_ROOT + '/libraries'
else:
    libraries_path_prefix = os.path.dirname(SDK_ROOT) + '/libraries'
#配置板子使用的外设库文件路径，官方都独立出来，放到了统一的路径下，也不用动
SDK_LIB = libraries_path_prefix
Export('SDK_LIB')
#以下是真正的引入外设库和设备驱动的sconstript,通过各自的sconstript文件添加对应的源码
# prepare building environment
objs = PrepareBuilding(env, RTT_ROOT, has_libcpu=False)

stm32_library = 'STM32L4xx_HAL'
rtconfig.BSP_LIBRARY_TYPE = stm32_library

# include libraries
objs.extend(SConscript(os.path.join(libraries_path_prefix, stm32_library, 'SConscript')))

# include drivers
objs.extend(SConscript(os.path.join(libraries_path_prefix, 'HAL_Drivers', 'SConscript')))

# make a building
DoBuilding(TARGET, objs

打开顶层的SConscript,如下

可以看到顶层，要做的就是导入RTT工程路径，然后找其他的SConscript文件。这个文件基本不需要改动。

3、rtconfig.py编译配置实现：

import os

# toolchains options
ARCH='arm'
CPU='cortex-m4'#这里选择芯片使用的内核
CROSS_TOOL='gcc'#只支持GCC

# bsp lib config
BSP_LIBRARY_TYPE = None

if os.getenv('RTT_CC'):
    CROSS_TOOL = os.getenv('RTT_CC')
if os.getenv('RTT_ROOT'):
    RTT_ROOT = os.getenv('RTT_ROOT')

# cross_tool provides the cross compiler
# EXEC_PATH is the compiler execute path, for example, CodeSourcery, Keil MDK, IAR
if  CROSS_TOOL == 'gcc':
    PLATFORM    = 'gcc'
    EXEC_PATH   = r'C:\Users\XXYYZZ'
elif CROSS_TOOL == 'keil':
    PLATFORM    = 'armcc'
    EXEC_PATH   = r'C:/Keil_v5'
elif CROSS_TOOL == 'iar':
    PLATFORM    = 'iar'
    EXEC_PATH   = r'C:/Program Files (x86)/IAR Systems/Embedded Workbench 8.0'

if os.getenv('RTT_EXEC_PATH'):
    EXEC_PATH = os.getenv('RTT_EXEC_PATH')

BUILD = 'debug'

if PLATFORM == 'gcc':
    # toolchains
    PREFIX = 'arm-none-eabi-'
    CC = PREFIX + 'gcc'
    AS = PREFIX + 'gcc'
    AR = PREFIX + 'ar'
    CXX = PREFIX + 'g++'
    LINK = PREFIX + 'gcc'
    TARGET_EXT = 'elf'
    SIZE = PREFIX + 'size'
    OBJDUMP = PREFIX + 'objdump'
    OBJCPY = PREFIX + 'objcopy'

    DEVICE = ' -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 -mfloat-abi=hard -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections'
    CFLAGS = DEVICE + ' -Dgcc'
    AFLAGS = ' -c' + DEVICE + ' -x assembler-with-cpp -Wa,-mimplicit-it=thumb '
    LFLAGS = DEVICE + ' -Wl,--gc-sections,-Map=rt-thread.map,-cref,-u,Reset_Handler -T board/linker_scripts/link.lds'

    CPATH = ''
    LPATH = ''

    if BUILD == 'debug':
        CFLAGS += ' -O0 -gdwarf-2 -g'
        AFLAGS += ' -gdwarf-2'
    else:
        CFLAGS += ' -O2'

    CXXFLAGS = CFLAGS 

    POST_ACTION = OBJCPY + ' -O binary $TARGET rtthread.bin\n' + SIZE + ' $TARGET \n'

elif PLATFORM == 'armcc':
    # toolchains
    CC = 'armcc'
    CXX = 'armcc'
    AS = 'armasm'
    AR = 'armar'
    LINK = 'armlink'
    TARGET_EXT = 'axf'

    DEVICE = ' --cpu Cortex-M4.fp '
    CFLAGS = '-c ' + DEVICE + ' --apcs=interwork --c99'
    AFLAGS = DEVICE + ' --apcs=interwork '
    LFLAGS = DEVICE + ' --info sizes --info totals --info unused --info veneers --list rt-thread.map --strict --scatter "board\linker_scripts\link.sct"'
    CFLAGS += ' -I' + EXEC_PATH + '/ARM/ARMCC/include'
    LFLAGS += ' --libpath=' + EXEC_PATH + '/ARM/ARMCC/lib'

    CFLAGS += ' -D__MICROLIB '
    AFLAGS += ' --pd "__MICROLIB SETA 1" '
    LFLAGS += ' --library_type=microlib '
    EXEC_PATH += '/ARM/ARMCC/bin/'

    if BUILD == 'debug':
        CFLAGS += ' -g -O0'
        AFLAGS += ' -g'
    else:
        CFLAGS += ' -O2'

    CXXFLAGS = CFLAGS 
    CFLAGS += ' -std=c99'

    POST_ACTION = 'fromelf --bin $TARGET --output rtthread.bin \nfromelf -z $TARGET'

elif PLATFORM == 'iar':
    # toolchains
    CC = 'iccarm'
    CXX = 'iccarm'
    AS = 'iasmarm'
    AR = 'iarchive'
    LINK = 'ilinkarm'
    TARGET_EXT = 'out'

    DEVICE = '-Dewarm'

    CFLAGS = DEVICE
    CFLAGS += ' --diag_suppress Pa050'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_cse'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_unroll'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_inline'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_code_motion'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_tbaa'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_clustering'
    CFLAGS += ' --no_scheduling'
    CFLAGS += ' --endian=little'
    CFLAGS += ' --cpu=Cortex-M4'
    CFLAGS += ' -e'
    CFLAGS += ' --fpu=VFPv4_sp'
    CFLAGS += ' --dlib_config "' + EXEC_PATH + '/arm/INC/c/DLib_Config_Normal.h"'
    CFLAGS += ' --silent'

    AFLAGS = DEVICE
    AFLAGS += ' -s+'
    AFLAGS += ' -w+'
    AFLAGS += ' -r'
    AFLAGS += ' --cpu Cortex-M4'
    AFLAGS += ' --fpu VFPv4_sp'
    AFLAGS += ' -S'

    if BUILD == 'debug':
        CFLAGS += ' --debug'
        CFLAGS += ' -On'
    else:
        CFLAGS += ' -Oh'

    LFLAGS = ' --config "board/linker_scripts/link.icf"'
    LFLAGS += ' --entry __iar_program_start'

    CXXFLAGS = CFLAGS
    
    EXEC_PATH = EXEC_PATH + '/arm/bin/'
    POST_ACTION = 'ielftool --bin $TARGET rtthread.bin

在用scons --target=mdk5生成工程时，会自动把M4内核移植到工程中。基本添加路径如下：

SCons工具是基于python语法来写的。这里不了解也基本上没什么难度，反复就那几条语句。