实验要求:
1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;
实验思路:
- 配置IP
- 公网私网通
- 对R3,R5,R6,R7进行mgre的配置,R3为中心站点,其他站点要进行资格认证
- 整个ospf环境里进行配置,以及R12有两个环回
- 在R3上配置NAT(缺少缺省路由)
6.减少LSA的更新量有两种方法(配置路由聚合或特殊区域),因为配置特殊区域更能减少LSA,而且刚好可以解决缺少缺省路由,所以用配置特殊区域更好
7.通过配置Hello时间加快收敛
8. 保障更新安全可以通过配置区域或端口验证模式,这里我用区域验证
四、具体命令
1.配置IP
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.34.1 24
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.35.2 24
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.36.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24
[R4]int s4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.4 24
[R5]int s4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.5 24
[R6]int s4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.1 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.4.6 24
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.1 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.5.7 24
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.98.8 24
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add
[R9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.130.9 24
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.131.10 24
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add
[R11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.66.11 24
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.65.6 30
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add
[R12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.161.12 24
查看链路状态:
2.公网配置缺省路由
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
Ping公网是否通
3.配置OSPF
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]a 1
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R7-ospf-1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]a 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.2 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.5 0.0.0.0
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]a 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.6 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]a 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.1 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255
[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]a 4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.2 0.0.0.0
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]a 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.2 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.5 0.0.0.0
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]a 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.6 0.0.0.0
4.引入域外区域
[R12]rip
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
[R9-ospf-2]q
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
5.配置MGRE
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tu
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]sou
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp en
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry m
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast d
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tu
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]sou
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp en
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 r
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R6]int t0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tu
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]sou s4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7]int t0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tu
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol g
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]sou
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp n
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
问题1:Tunnel接口类型为P2P类型,不选举DR/BDR,使得设备无法正常建立邻接关系,
解决方法:更改网络中tunnel接口类型为广播或者P2MP
ospf network-type broadcast
问题2:DR和BDR选举混乱,无法正常建邻
更改网络类型后,广播网络中中心站点和分支站点处于同一个广播域,此时需要进行DR和BDR的选举,但是在分支站点的世界里只和中心站点认识,分支站点和分支站点不认识,这就会发生多个分支站点和一个中心站点互相竞选DR和BDR,这样会造成选举结果混乱,可在中心站点看到混乱的场景
解决方法:将分支站点的dr选举优先级变0,这样就能保证中心站点是整个广播网络中唯一的DR
ospf dr-priority 0
隧道接口配置OSPF
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.3 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.5 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.6 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.7 0.0.0.0
查看OSPF路由表
6. 在R3上配置NAT
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat ou
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
缺少缺省路由,还无法ping通R4
7.配置特殊区域减少LSA更新量,并实现全网通
为了最大减少LSA,根据拓扑可知区域1配置完全末梢区域,区域2和区域3(有ASBR)配置完全非纯完全末梢区域
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
8.配置hello时间
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
9.配置区域验证
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]a 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
- 验证全网通