VIBE背景建模算法之C语言实现

不思进步

已于 2023-11-16 11:09:53 修改

阅读量6k

点赞数 4

分类专栏：图像处理文章标签： ViBe算法背景建模运动物体检测

于 2015-12-04 22:06:41 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/herobinbin/article/details/50180193

版权

图像处理专栏收录该内容

1 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文实现的检测效果跟原文基本相同，但是在实现上做了很多改进，检测速度比原算法快，而且是纯C语言实现

本文实现的算法也跟VIBE原算法和混合高斯背景建模一样，对光照突变都很敏感，在后续的文章中会提出自适应阈值的方法来改进VIBE算法，使其能适应运动物体接近摄像头时引起的图像亮度变化，同时不会影响算法的速度。

废话不多说先上三张检测图：

ViBe.h

#ifndef _VIBE_H
#define _VIBE_H

#include <iostream>
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include "opencv2/video/video.hpp"

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

#define VIBE_WIDTH (360) //图像宽
#define VIBE_HEIGHT (240)//图像高
#define VIBE_FORGROUND_COUNT (100)  //统计前景出现次数，如果超过此次数则把前景更新到背景中

void VibeForground(unsigned char *CurImg,unsigned char* ForImg);

#endif //_VIBE_H

ViBe.cpp

#include "ViBe.h"

const int gVibeRandom = 127; //vibe子采样率为16
const int gVibeSize = VIBE_WIDTH*VIBE_HEIGHT;
const int gRadius = 20; //当前帧与背景模型作差的阈值（可变）
const int gMin = 3; //当前帧与背景模型做差其差值小于20的个数，如果大于等于3则认为是当前像素是背景
const int gVibeSimpleSize = 8; //背景模型保存的帧数
const int gVibeModelLastSize =VIBE_WIDTH*VIBE_HEIGHT*8;

static unsigned char VibeModelData[VIBE_WIDTH*VIBE_HEIGHT*9]; //用于存储样本集
static unsigned char BackGroundData[VIBE_WIDTH*VIBE_HEIGHT];

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Function name：InitialModelData()
//  Function ：init VibeModelData by first Frame ,
//  Parameter：pImgData 
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
void InitialModelData(const unsigned char *pImgData)
{
	int i=0;

	for (i=0;i<gVibeSimpleSize;i++)
	{
		memcpy(VibeModelData +gVibeSize * i, pImgData, gVibeSize);
	}
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Function name：VibeForground()
//  Function：The current frame and background model are compared, 
//            and the foreground of the current frame is obtained.
//  Parameter：CurImgPyr 
//  Reference:<<A universal background subtraction algorithm for video sequences>>
//  201507--zhangbin
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------

void VibeForground(unsigned char *CurImg,unsigned char* ForImg)
{
	unsigned int nOffset = 0;//偏移量

	short nDiff = 0; //保存当前帧与背景模型中某帧的差值
	unsigned int j = 0;
	unsigned int i = 0;
	unsigned char nCount = 0; 
	unsigned char *pSrcImg = 0;
	unsigned char *pDstImg = 0;
	static unsigned char CountNum=0; //此数除以16,127为一个循环，共能够取0-7之前的随机数（模拟VIBE子采样概率生成的随机数）
	static int g_IsModelInit = 1;

	pSrcImg = CurImg;
	pDstImg = ForImg;

	CountNum++;
	if (CountNum>gVibeRandom)
	{
		CountNum=0;
	}

	if(g_IsModelInit) 
	{
		InitialModelData(pSrcImg); //当前帧初始化背景
		memcpy(BackGroundData, pSrcImg, gVibeSize);
		g_IsModelInit = 0;
		return; 
	} 

	nOffset =  (CountNum>>4) * gVibeSize;	//CountNum>>4相当于16帧生成一个数

	for(i = 0; i < gVibeSize; i++)
	{
		nCount = 0;
		pDstImg[i] = 255;

		for(j = 0; j < gVibeSimpleSize; j++) //遍历背景模型
		{
			nDiff = VibeModelData[j*gVibeSize+i]-pSrcImg[i];

			if(nDiff <= gRadius )
			{
				if (nDiff >= -gRadius)
				{
					nCount++; 
				}
			}

			if(nCount >= gMin) //当前帧像素值小于gRadius的次数大于gMin（论文中为#min = 2）则此点判断为背景
			{
				pDstImg[i] = 0;
				break; 
			}
		}
	}

	for(i = 0; i < gVibeSize; i++)
	{
		if (pDstImg[i]) //如果此点为前景则累加此点为前景的次数
		{
			VibeModelData[gVibeModelLastSize+i]++;

			if ( VibeModelData[gVibeModelLastSize+i]>100)
			{
				VibeModelData[nOffset+i] = pSrcImg[i];
			}
		}else//如果此点为背景，则对背景模型进行更新
		{

			VibeModelData[nOffset+i] = pSrcImg[i];

			BackGroundData[i] = pSrcImg[i];

			VibeModelData[gVibeModelLastSize+i] = 0;
		}
	}
}

main.cpp

#include "ViBe.h"
#include <stdio.h>

char *VideoName = "E:\\ViBe\\测试视频\\seq-320-240.avi";

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	//声明IplImage指针
	IplImage* pFrame = NULL; 
	IplImage* pResizeFrame = NULL; 
	IplImage* pGrayImg = NULL;
	IplImage* pFrImg = NULL;

	CvCapture* pCapture = NULL;
	double t;
	int nFrmNum = 0;
	int otsuThresh = 0;
	//创建窗口
	cvNamedWindow("video", 1);
	cvNamedWindow("foreground",1);
	
	//使窗口有序排列
	cvMoveWindow("video", 300, 50);
	cvMoveWindow("foreground", 680, 50);

	if( !(pCapture = cvCaptureFromAVI(VideoName)))
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Can not open video.\n");
		return -2;
	}

	//逐帧读取视频
	while(pFrame = cvQueryFrame( pCapture ))
	{
		nFrmNum++;

		//如果是第一帧，需要申请内存，并初始化
		if(nFrmNum == 1)
		{
			pResizeFrame  = cvCreateImage(cvSize(VIBE_WIDTH, VIBE_HEIGHT),  IPL_DEPTH_8U,3);
			pFrImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(VIBE_WIDTH, VIBE_HEIGHT), IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
			pGrayImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(VIBE_WIDTH, VIBE_HEIGHT), IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);
			cvResize(pFrame,pResizeFrame,1);
			cvCvtColor(pResizeFrame, pGrayImg, CV_BGR2GRAY);
			VibeForground((unsigned char*)pGrayImg->imageData,(unsigned char*)pFrImg->imageData);
		}
		else
		{
			cvResize(pFrame,pResizeFrame,1);
			cvCvtColor(pResizeFrame, pGrayImg, CV_BGR2GRAY);
			t = (double)cvGetTickCount();
			VibeForground((unsigned char*)pGrayImg->imageData,(unsigned char*)pFrImg->imageData);
			t = (double)cvGetTickCount() - t;
			printf( "exec time = %gms\n", t/(cvGetTickFrequency()*1000));
			
			//显示图像
			cvShowImage("video", pGrayImg);
			cvShowImage("foreground", pFrImg);

			char c=cvWaitKey(5);//显示每一帧之间有5毫秒的间隔

			if(c==27)break;//如果在这间隔期间用户触发Esc按键 循环就退出 否则继续执行循环
		}
	}

	//销毁窗口
	cvDestroyWindow("video");
	cvDestroyWindow("foreground");

	//释放图像和矩阵
	cvReleaseImage(&pFrImg);
	cvReleaseImage(&pGrayImg);
	cvReleaseImage(&pResizeFrame);
	cvReleaseCapture(&pCapture);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

http://blog.csdn.net/huiguixian/article/details/17334195