传送门 ==>> AutoSAR实战系列300讲「糖果Autosar」总目录
1 什么是数组衰减?
数组类型和维度的丢失称为数组衰减。这通常发生在我们通过值或指针将数组传递给函数时。它所做的是,它将数组第一个元素地址作为指针发送给的,因此数组的大小不是原始的,而是指针在内存中占用的大小。
2 数组衰减的示例
// C++ code to demonstrate array decay
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// Driver function to show Array decay
// Passing array by value
void aDecay(int *p)
{
// Printing size of pointer
cout << "Modified size of array is by "
" passing by value: ";
cout << sizeof(p) << endl;
}
// Function to show that array decay happens
// even if we use pointer
void pDecay(int (*p)[7])
{
// Printing size of array
cout << "Modified size of array by "
"passing by pointer: ";
cout << sizeof(p) << endl;
}
int main()
{
int a[7] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,};
// Printing original size of array
cout << "Actual size of array is: ";
cout << sizeof(a) <<endl;
// Passing a pointer to array
aDecay(a);
// Calling function by pointer
pDecay(&a);
return 0;
}
输出:
Actual size of array is: 28
Modified size of array by passing by value: 8
Modified size of array by passing by pointer: 8
在上面的代码中,实际的数组有 7 个 int 元素,因此大小为 28。但是通过按值和指针调用,数组衰减为指针并打印 1 个指针的大小,即 8(32 位机器中为 4 个)。
3 如何防止数组衰减?
处理衰减的典型解决方案是将数组的大小也作为参数传递;防止数组衰减的另一种方法是通过引用将数组发送到函数中。这可以防止将数组转换为指针,从而防止衰减。
// C++ code to demonstrate prevention of
// decay of array
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
// A function that prevents Array decay
// by passing array by reference
void fun(int (&p)[7])
{
// Printing size of array
cout << "Modified size of array by "
"passing by reference: ";
cout << sizeof(p) << endl;
}
int main()
{
int a[7] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,};
// Printing original size of array
cout << "Actual size of array is: ";
cout << sizeof(a) <<endl;
// Calling function by reference
fun(a);
return 0;
}
输出:
Actual size of array is: 28
Modified size of array by passing by reference: 28
在上面的代码中,通过引用传递数组解决了数组衰减的问题。两种情况下的大小均为 28。