OpenCV--绘制直方图&直方图均衡

1、灰度图像直方图的绘制

绘制结果如下：

源代码如下：

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//0表示将图像转换为灰度再返回
	Mat srcImage = imread("dog.bmp", 0);
	imshow("原图",srcImage);
	if(!srcImage.data) {cout << "fail to load image" << endl; 	return 0;}

	//定义变量
	Mat dstHist;       
	int dims = 1;
	float hranges[] = {0, 256};
	const float *ranges[] = {hranges};   // 这里需要为const类型
	int size = 256;
	int channels = 0;

	//计算图像的直方图
	calcHist(&srcImage, 1, &channels, Mat(), dstHist, dims, &size, ranges);   

	Mat dstImage(size, size, CV_8U, Scalar(0));
	//获取最大值和最小值
	double minValue = 0;
	double maxValue = 0;
	minMaxLoc(dstHist,&minValue, &maxValue, 0, 0);  //  在cv中用的是cvGetMinMaxHistValue

	//绘制出直方图
	//saturate_cast函数的作用即是：当运算完之后，结果为负，则转为0，结果超出255，则为255。
	int hpt = saturate_cast<int>(0.9 * size);
	for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
	{
		float binValue = dstHist.at<float>(i);           //   注意hist中是float类型   
		//拉伸到0-max
		int realValue = saturate_cast<int>(binValue * hpt/maxValue);
		line(dstImage,Point(i, size - 1),Point(i, size - realValue),Scalar(255));
	}
	imshow("一维直方图", dstImage);
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

2、彩色图像直方图的绘制

绘制结果如下：

代码如下：

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>  
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>  
using namespace cv;  

int main(  )
{
	Mat srcImage;
	srcImage=imread("dog.bmp");
	imshow( "素材图", srcImage );

	int bins = 256;
	int hist_size[] = {bins};
	float range[] = { 0, 256 };
	const float* ranges[] = { range};
	MatND redHist,grayHist,blueHist;

	int channels_r[] = {0};
	//进行直方图的计算（红色分量部分）
	calcHist( &srcImage, 1, channels_r, Mat(), //不使用掩膜
		redHist, 1, hist_size, ranges,
		true, false );

	//进行直方图的计算（绿色分量部分）
	int channels_g[] = {1};
	calcHist( &srcImage, 1, channels_g, Mat(), // do not use mask
		grayHist, 1, hist_size, ranges,
		true, // the histogram is uniform
		false );

	//进行直方图的计算（蓝色分量部分）
	int channels_b[] = {2};
	calcHist( &srcImage, 1, channels_b, Mat(), // do not use mask
		blueHist, 1, hist_size, ranges,
		true, // the histogram is uniform
		false );

	//-----------------------绘制出三色直方图------------------------
	//参数准备
	double maxValue_red,maxValue_green,maxValue_blue;
	minMaxLoc(redHist, 0, &maxValue_red, 0, 0);
	minMaxLoc(grayHist, 0, &maxValue_green, 0, 0);
	minMaxLoc(blueHist, 0, &maxValue_blue, 0, 0);
	int scale = 1;
	int histHeight=256;
	Mat histImage = Mat::zeros(histHeight,bins*3, CV_8UC3);

	//正式开始绘制
	for(int i=0;i<bins;i++)
	{
		//参数准备
		float binValue_red = redHist.at<float>(i); 
		float binValue_green = grayHist.at<float>(i);
		float binValue_blue = blueHist.at<float>(i);
		int intensity_red = cvRound(binValue_red*histHeight/maxValue_red);  //要绘制的高度
		int intensity_green = cvRound(binValue_green*histHeight/maxValue_green);  //要绘制的高度
		int intensity_blue = cvRound(binValue_blue*histHeight/maxValue_blue);  //要绘制的高度

		//绘制红色分量的直方图
		line(histImage,Point(i,histHeight-1),Point(i, histHeight - intensity_red),CV_RGB(255,0,0));
		//绘制绿色分量的直方图
		line(histImage,Point(i+bins,histHeight-1),Point(i+bins, histHeight - intensity_green),CV_RGB(0,255,0));
		//绘制蓝色分量的直方图
		line(histImage,Point(i+bins*2,histHeight-1),Point(i+bins*2, histHeight - intensity_blue),CV_RGB(0,0,255));
	}
	imshow( "图像的RGB直方图", histImage );
	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

3、直方图均衡

opencv中使用的函数为equalize(),描述如下：

C++: void equalizeHist(InputArray src, OutputArray dst)

src: 输入图像，Mat类即可，需要为8位单通道的图像。

dst: 运算后的结果，和原图有一样的尺寸和大小。

代码执行结果如下：

源代码如下：

#include "opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp"
using namespace cv;

int main( )
{
	Mat srcImage, dstImage;
	Mat srcHist, dstHist;  
	srcImage = imread( "lena.bmp", 0 );
	if(!srcImage.data ) { printf("读取图片错误"); return false; } 
	imshow( "原始图", srcImage );
	//进行直方图均衡化
	equalizeHist( srcImage, dstImage );
	//显示结果
	imshow( "直方图均衡化", dstImage );

	//计算图像的直方图  
	//定义变量         
	int dims = 1;  
	float hranges[] = {0, 255};  
	const float *ranges[] = {hranges};   // 这里需要为const类型  
	int size = 256;  
	int channels = 0;  
	calcHist(&srcImage, 1, &channels, Mat(), srcHist, dims, &size, ranges); 
	calcHist(&dstImage, 1, &channels, Mat(), dstHist, dims, &size, ranges); 

	Mat srcHistImage(size, size, CV_8U, Scalar(0));  
	Mat dstHistImage(size, size, CV_8U, Scalar(0));  
	//获取最大值和最小值  
	double minValue = 0;  
	double srcMaxValue = 0;  
	double dstMaxValue = 0; 
	minMaxLoc(srcHist,&minValue, &srcMaxValue, 0, 0); 
	minMaxLoc(dstHist,&minValue, &dstMaxValue, 0, 0);
	//绘制出直方图  
	//saturate_cast函数的作用即是：当运算完之后，结果为负，则转为0，结果超出255，则为255。  
	int hpt = saturate_cast<int>(0.9 * size);  
	for(int i = 0; i < 256; i++)  
	{  
		float srcValue = srcHist.at<float>(i);           //   注意hist中是float类型 
		float dstValue = dstHist.at<float>(i); 
		//拉伸到0-max  
		int srcRealValue = saturate_cast<int>(srcValue * hpt/srcMaxValue);
		int dstRealValue = saturate_cast<int>(dstValue * hpt/dstMaxValue);

		line(srcHistImage,Point(i, size - 1),Point(i, size - srcRealValue),Scalar(255));
		line(dstHistImage,Point(i, size - 1),Point(i, size - dstRealValue),Scalar(255));
	}  
	imshow("原图直方图", srcHistImage); 
	imshow("均衡后直方图", dstHistImage);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;

}