OpenCVSharp 4.5 图像分割（距离变换和分水岭算法）

用OpenCVSharp 4.5 跑一遍 OpenCV 官方教程

原OpenCV 官方教程链接：OpenCV: Image Segmentation with Distance Transform and Watershed Algorithm

核心函数：

• cv::filter2D 
• distanceTransform 
• watershed

using System;
using OpenCvSharp;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class tutorial29 : ITutorial
    {
        public void Run()
        {
            // Load the image           
            Mat src = Cv2.ImRead("I:\\csharp\\images\\cards.png");
            if (src.Empty())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Could not open or find the image!");
                return;
            }
            // Show source image
            Cv2.ImShow("Source Image", src);

            // Change the background from white to black, since that will help later to extract
            // better results during the use of Distance Transform
            for (int i = 0; i < src.Rows; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < src.Cols; j++)
                {
                    if (src.At<Vec3b>(i, j) == new Vec3b(255, 255, 255))
                    {
                        src.At<Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = 0;
                        src.At<Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = 0;
                        src.At<Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = 0;
                    }
                }
            }
            // Show output image
            Cv2.ImShow("Black Background Image", src);
            // Create a kernel that we will use to sharpen our image
            double[,] k = { {1.0, 1.0, 1.0 },
                          { 1, -8, 1 },
                          { 1, 1, 1} };

            Mat kernel = Mat.FromArray(k);
            // an approximation of second derivative, a quite strong kernel
            // do the laplacian filtering as it is
            // well, we need to convert everything in something more deeper then CV_8U
            // because the kernel has some negative values,
            // and we can expect in general to have a Laplacian image with negative values
            // BUT a 8bits unsigned int (the one we are working with) can contain values from 0 to 255
            // so the possible negative number will be truncated
            Mat imgLaplacian = new Mat();
            Cv2.Filter2D(src, imgLaplacian, MatType.CV_32F, kernel);
            Mat sharp = new Mat();
            src.ConvertTo(sharp, MatType.CV_32F);
            Mat imgResult = sharp - imgLaplacian;
            // convert back to 8bits gray scale
            imgResult.ConvertTo(imgResult, MatType.CV_8UC3);
            imgLaplacian.ConvertTo(imgLaplacian, MatType.CV_8UC3);
            // imshow( "Laplace Filtered Image", imgLaplacian );
            Cv2.ImShow("New Sharped Image", imgResult);
            // Create binary image from source image
            Mat bw = new Mat();
            Cv2.CvtColor(imgResult, bw, ColorConversionCodes.BGR2GRAY);
            Cv2.Threshold(bw, bw, 40, 255, ThresholdTypes.Binary | ThresholdTypes.Otsu);
            Cv2.ImShow("Binary Image", bw);
            // Perform the distance transform algorithm
            Mat dist = new Mat();
            Cv2.DistanceTransform(bw, dist, DistanceTypes.L2, DistanceTransformMasks.Mask3);
            // Normalize the distance image for range = {0.0, 1.0}
            // so we can visualize and threshold it
            Cv2.Normalize(dist, dist, 0, 1.0, NormTypes.MinMax);
            Cv2.ImShow("Distance Transform Image", dist);
            // Threshold to obtain the peaks
            // This will be the markers for the foreground objects
            Cv2.Threshold(dist, dist, 0.4, 1.0, ThresholdTypes.Binary);
            // Dilate a bit the dist image
            Mat kernel1 = Mat.Ones(new Size(3, 3), MatType.CV_8U);

            Cv2.Dilate(dist, dist, kernel1);
            Cv2.ImShow("Peaks", dist);
            // Create the CV_8U version of the distance image
            // It is needed for findContours()
            Mat dist_8u = new Mat();
            dist.ConvertTo(dist_8u, MatType.CV_8U);
            // Find total markers
            Point[][] contours;
            HierarchyIndex[] hierarchyIndices;
            Cv2.FindContours(dist_8u, out contours, out hierarchyIndices, RetrievalModes.External, ContourApproximationModes.ApproxSimple);
            // Create the marker image for the watershed algorithm
            Mat markers = Mat.Zeros(dist.Size(), MatType.CV_32S);
            // Draw the foreground markers
            for (int i = 0; i < contours.Length; i++)
            {
                Cv2.DrawContours(markers, contours, (int)i, new Scalar((int)i + 1), -1);
            }
            // Draw the background marker
            Cv2.Circle(markers, new Point(5, 5), 3, new Scalar(255), -1);
            Mat markers1 = markers * 10000;
            markers1.ConvertTo(markers1, MatType.CV_16S);
            Cv2.ImShow("Markers", markers1);
            // Perform the watershed algorithm
            Cv2.Watershed(imgResult, markers);
            Mat mark = new Mat();
            markers.ConvertTo(mark, MatType.CV_8U);
            Cv2.BitwiseNot(mark, mark);
            //    imshow("Markers_v2", mark); // uncomment this if you want to see how the mark
            // image looks like at that point
            // Generate random colors
            Vec3b[] colors = new Vec3b[contours.Length];
            RNG rng = new RNG((ulong)DateTime.Now.Ticks);
            for (int i = 0; i < contours.Length; i++)
            {
                colors[i] = new Vec3b((byte)rng.Uniform(0, 256), (byte)rng.Uniform(0, 256), (byte)rng.Uniform(0, 256));

            }
            // Create the result image
            Mat dst = Mat.Zeros(markers.Size(), MatType.CV_8UC3);
            // Fill labeled objects with random colors
            for (int i = 0; i < markers.Rows; i++)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < markers.Cols; j++)
                {
                    int index = markers.At<int>(i, j);
                    if (index > 0 && index <= contours.Length)
                    {
                        dst.At<Vec3b>(i, j) = colors[index - 1];
                    }
                }
            }
            // Visualize the final image
            Cv2.ImShow("Final Result", dst);
            Cv2.WaitKey();
        }
    }
}